生态学马克思主义对历史唯物主义自然观的辩护  

Ecology Marxism's defense on historical materialism view of nature

作　　者：刘英[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽中医药大学人文学院,安徽合肥230038

出　　处：《长安大学学报（社会科学版）》2017年第1期65-72,共8页Journal of Chang'an University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：安徽省高校人文社会科学重点研究项目(SK2015A375)

摘　　要：针对西方绿色思潮对历史唯物主义自然观反生态性的诘难,通过揭示生态中心主义自然观和现代人类中心主义自然观的理论缺失,深入挖掘了生态学马克思主义历史唯物主义自然观的生态意蕴。研究认为,生态学马克思主义批判了生态中心主义的反理性主义、反技术主义倾向,揭示了生态中心主义自然观在自然价值论和自然权利论的理论困境,认为生态中心主义将生态问题的根源归咎于个人对环境的价值观和态度,这种观点是非历史主义的和唯心主义的;生态学马克思主义批判了现代人类中心主义仅从价值观层面探导生态问题而忽略了价值观依存的社会制度和社会历史条件,认为现代人类中心主义自然观坚持自然对人类而言只具有工具价值,是脱离了一定社会结构和历史条件的抽象的近代机械自然观,其追求的人类整体利益和人类长远利益只是一种幻想;生态学马克思主义对历史唯物主义自然观的辩护坚持了马克思主义的基本立场,认为历史唯物主义自然观指认自然异化的根源在于社会生产方式,主张通过变革社会制度和生产方式来消除自然的异化、解决生态问题,提出历史唯物主义兼具自然维度和文化维度,坚持了自然的先在性和社会历史性,坚持了人的自然性和社会性,始终坚持了唯物主义自然观与历史观的辩证统一;生态学马克思主义对西方绿色思潮自然观和历史唯物主义自然观的理论性质作了准确定位,主张把文化和自然因素引入到历史唯物主义中,构建了文化历史唯物主义自然观理论,是强调人与自然辩证统一的自然观。Aiming at the interrogation of western Green Thoughts towards the anti-ecology of historical materialism view of nature, this paper explored the ecological implication of ecology Marxism historical materialism view of nature by revealing the lack of theory in ecology centralism view of nature and modern anthropocentrism view of nature. The results show that ecology Marxism not only criticizes the anti-rationalism and anti-technology tendency of ecology centralism, but also reveals its theoretical predicament of the natural value theory and the natural right theory. It believes ecology centralism roots the ecological problems to the personal value and attitude to environment, which is non-historism and idealism. Ecological Marxism also criticizes that modern anthropocentrism explores ecological problems only from the view of value, instead of from the social system and social historical conditions in which values are interdependent, modern anthropocentrism view of nature insists that nature only has the instrumental value to mankind, which is abstracted from the certain social structure and historical conditions of abstract modern mechanical view of nature. Therefore, its pursuit of human overall interests and human long-term interests is only fantasy. The defense of ecology Marxism on historical materialism view of nature adheres to the basic stand of Marxism. Historical materialism view of nature identifies the root causes of natural alienation to the mode of social production, advocating by changing the social system and mode of production to eliminate the natural alienation and to solve the ecological problems. It also points out historical materialism has both the natural dimension and the cultural dimension, insisting on preexistence and social historical nature, insisting on human nature and sociality, and always insisting on the dialectical unity between natural materialism and historical materialism. Ecology Marxism makes accurate position on the theoretical nature about western Green Thoughts view of nat

关 键 词：自然观 生态中心主义 现代人类中心主义 历史唯物主义 生态学马克思主义 

分 类 号：B089[哲学宗教—哲学理论]