甘蓝型油菜氮高效的生理与分子遗传基础研究进展  

Physiological and genetic basis in nitrogen efficiency of Brassica napus:a review

作　　者：丁广大[1] 王改丽[1] 叶祥盛[1] 李权[1] 石磊[1] 徐芳森[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室/华中农业大学微量元素研究中心,武汉430070

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2017年第2期130-139,共10页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(30830073);中央高校基本科研业务费专项(2662016PY051)

摘　　要：氮是植物生长发育所必需的大量营养元素。油菜对氮肥的需求量较大,氮肥利用率低。不同油菜品种的氮效率存在较大的基因型差异。与氮低效基因型油菜相比,氮高效基因型油菜在氮的吸收、转运、代谢、光合作用以及再利用等方面表现出显著的优势。同时,参与上述过程的基因包括硝酸根转运基因(NRT)、铵离子转运基因(AMT)、编码植物氮代谢相关酶类的基因以及其他基因等的表达水平也受到氮水平的显著影响,并在氮高、低效基因型间表现出显著的差异。本文主要从甘蓝型油菜氮效率的基因型差异、氮高效的生理与分子遗传基础等方面简要介绍了近年来关于甘蓝型油菜氮效率方面的研究进展。Nitrogen（N）is one of the essential macronutrients for plant growth and development.Large amount of N fertilizers are required for rapeseed（Brassica napus）production,while the N use efficiency（NUE）of B.napus is very low.Results of previous researches showed that there was large genotypic variation for NUE among B.napus cultivars.Compared with low-N-efficiency genotypes,highN-efficiency genotypes had advantages in N uptake,transportation,metabolism,photosynthesis and remobilization etc.The expression level of genes involved in processes including nitrate transporters,ammonium transporters,genes encoding enzymes involved in N metabolism was significantly affected by N availability.Significant differences were found in the expression level of genes involved in N efficiency between low-N-efficiency cultivars and high-N-efficiency cultivars.This paper reviewed the progresses in physiological basis and molecular mechanism in N efficiency of B.napus from two aspects including genotypic variation of NUE among different B.napus cultivars,and physiological and molecular basis of B.napus with N efficiency.

关 键 词：甘蓝型油菜 氮效率 基因型差异 生理基础 分子遗传机制 转运基因 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]