不同播期与收获期对水稻灌浆期、产量及米质的影响  

Influence of different sowing date and harvest time on rice filling stage,yield and grain quality

作　　者：包灵丰[1] 林纲[1] 赵德明[1] 王丽[1] 贺兵[1] 江青山[1] 张杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]宜宾市农业科学院,四川宜宾644000

出　　处：《华南农业大学学报》2017年第2期32-37,共6页Journal of South China Agricultural University

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-01-75);四川省学术和技术带头人培养资金(川人社办发[2015]100号)

摘　　要：【目的】明确不同水稻品种(系)的适宜播种时间,确保水稻生产的优质高产。【方法】以6个恢复系及其所配的12个组合为材料,采用4期播种(前后两期间隔6 d),利用二因素两向分组资料无重复观察值模型与最小显著差数测验法(LSD法)方差分析和显著性比较,研究不同播期对籽粒产量、灌浆期、加工品质和外观品质的影响,以及成熟后推迟收获对碾米品质和外观品质的影响。【结果】不同播期的恢复系糙米率有显著差异,随着播期的推迟糙米率有降低趋势;籽粒产量、灌浆期、精米率、整精米率、垩白率和垩白度在不同播期间无显著差异。II优组合不同播期间籽粒产量差异不显著,宜香优组合1~3期间籽粒产量差异不显著,第4期显著减少;不同播期对杂交稻的碾米品质和外观品质影响较大,推迟播种会降低糙米率、垩白率和垩白度,但对精米率和整精米率影响不显著。第4期推迟收获会导致糙米率、垩白率和垩白度增加,精米率和整精米率不同程度降低。【结论】恢复系和杂交稻在川南3月27日后推迟播种,产量有减产趋势,4月上中旬播种产量减少极显著;恢复系和杂交稻谷粒长宽比不受播期影响;杂交稻灌浆期、碾米品质和外观品质受播期的影响比恢复系大;杂交稻成熟后不及时收获会导致稻米加工品质和外观品质变差。【Objective】To study the appropriate sowing time of different rice varieties,and ensure high quality and yield of rice. 【Method】Six restorer lines and their 12 combinations were used as materials sowed on four dates（ 6 d intervals）. The two-factor two-data without repeated observation model and LSD test were used to analyze differences of grain yield,grain filling stage,processing quality and appearance quality among different sowing dates and harvest periods. 【Result】Sowing date significantly influenced brown rice rate of restorer line and had no significant effects on grain yield,grain filling period,milled rice rate,head milled rice rate,chalkiness rate and chalkiness. There was no significant difference among grain yields of II-you combinations sowed on different dates. Yixiangyou combinations were significantly influenced at the 4th period,but weren＇t at the 1st-3rd period. Sowing date significantly influenced rice milling and appearance quality of hybrid combinations. Sowing delay reduced the brown rice rate,chalkiness rate and chalkiness degree,but didn＇s influence the total milled rice rate and head ricerate. Harvesting delay increased the brown rice rate,chalkiness rate and chalkiness degree,but reduced the total milled rice rate and head rice rate at the 4th period. 【Conclusion】After March 27,sowing delay significantly decreased yield of restorer lines and hybrid combinations in Southern Sichuan Province,but not the ratio of length to width. The yield most significantly decreased for rice sowed from early to middle of April. Compared with restorer lines,sowing date has more influence on filling stage,rice milling quality and appearance quality of hybrid combinations. Delaying harvest time will cause poor processing quality and appearance quality of hybrid rice grains.

关 键 词：杂交稻 恢复系 播种期 收获期 灌浆期 产量 米质 

分 类 号：S334.5[农业科学—作物遗传育种]