基于形态学标记的山药种质资源遗传多样性研究  

Study on Germplasm Genetic Diversity of Yam Based on Morphological Markers

作　　者：吴金平[1] 矫振彪[1] 郭凤领[1] 陈磊夫[1] 曾凡顺 邱正明[1] Wu Jinping Jiao Zhenbiao Guo Fengling Chen Leifu Zeng Fanshun Qiu Zhengming(Institute of Industrial Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China Enshi Yijia Agriculture Development Co. , Ltd. , Enshi 445000, China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院经济作物研究所,湖北武汉430064 [2]恩施宜佳现代农业开发有限公司,湖北恩施445000

出　　处：《中国野生植物资源》2017年第1期11-14,29,共5页Chinese Wild Plant Resources

基　　金：湖北省科技支撑计划项目(2015BBA192);农业部现代农业产业技术体系项目(nycytx-35-02-06)

摘　　要：对收集的66份山药种质资源的19个农艺性状进行调查,通过遗传多样性分析、聚类分析与主成分分析,探讨其遗传多样性、亲缘关系及分类特征。结果表明,在15个质量性状中,遗传多样性指数最高的是叶片缺裂(1.18),其次是地下块茎形状(1.17)。叶脉数频率分布最高(92.65%),其次为叶先端渐尖(89.71%)。根据各农艺性状的遗传差异,可将66份淮山药种质聚为二大类群;第Ⅰ类群种质均为薯蓣,第Ⅱ类群种质为参薯。主成分分析结果表明,前5个主成分累计贡献率达76.496%,第一主成分反映高产株型综合因子,第二主成分反映山药抗病性因子,第三和第四主成分反应山药地下块茎形状因子,第五主成分反映地下块茎颜色。通过以上研究,为山药品种选育及生产利用提供参考。The 19 agronomic traits of 66 collected yam germplasm resources were investigated to conduct genetic diversity analysis,cluster analysis and principal component analysis for exploring their genetic diversity,genetic relationship and classification characteristics. The results showed that different morphological traits of 66 collected yam germplasm resources presented higher diversity. Amongst 15 qualitative traits,the genetic diversity index of leaf split was the highest（1. 18）,followed by tuber shape（1. 17）.The frequency distribution of leaf vein was the highest（92. 65 %）,followed by leaf apex acuminate（89. 71%）. According to genetic differences of different agronomic traits,66 yam germplasm resources could be clustered into 2 groups. The first group materials were Dioscorea opposita Thunb. The second group materials were Discorea alata L.. The principal component analysis results indicated that the contribution rate of the first 5 principal components accounted for 76. 496%. The first principal component reflected comprehensive factors of high-yield plant type,the second one reflected disease resistance factors,the third and the fourth reflected tuber shape factors. The fifth principal components reflected stem skin color. The different yam germplasm resources were analyzed to provide references for variety breeding and production utilization of yam.

关 键 词：山药(Dioscorea spp.) 表型性状 遗传多样性 

分 类 号：S632.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]