有机肥和化肥对盆栽番茄氮素利用以及损失的影响  

Effects of organic and mineral fertilizers on nitrogen utilization and losses

作　　者：孙雅杰[1] 吴文良[1] 刘原庆 孟凡乔[1] SUN Yajie WU Wenliang LIU Yuanqing MENG Fanqiao(Beijing Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Organic Farming/College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院/北京市生物多样性与有机农业北京市重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《中国农业大学学报》2017年第4期37-46,共10页Journal of China Agricultural University

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0201200);国家科技支撑项目(2012BAD15B01)

摘　　要：为研究有机肥以及化肥对氮素利用以及损失的影响,针对当前蔬菜生产中面积较大和产量较高的番茄进行盆栽控制性试验,设置等氮条件下3个肥料处理,即有机肥(M)、化肥(U)、有机肥和化肥各半(MU),以及对照CK(不施氮肥、种植作物)和CKN(不施氮肥、不种作物),对番茄产量、氨挥发、N_2O排放等进行监测分析。结果表明,MU、U、M 3个处理产量无显著差异。与U、MU相比,M能够降低氨挥发损失62%和57%,降低N_2O排放量53%和69%。土壤中残留的肥料氮量为M(64.9%)>MU(36.7%)>U(23.7%),且3个处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。结合氮素损失和作物产量,说明施用有机肥能在一定程度上保证番茄高产、降低氮素损失以及保证较高的氮素后茬利用率。考虑到气候条件、作物品种、肥料类型等的复杂性,还需要对有机肥和化肥配施的环境影响进行更多比较研究,从而进一步优化当前集约化蔬菜生产中的肥料管理。In order to elevate the tomato yield,nitrogen losses by ammonia volatilization and N2O emissions under the different types of N fertilizers, a tomato plot experiment was carried out on three equal amount of nitrogen fertilizer treatments,i.e.,manure （M）,Urea （U） and combined application of manure and chemical fertilizer （MU） and two control treatments,CK （plant with no fertilizer） and CKN （no plant and no fertilizer）. The results indicated that there was no significant difference of yield among M, MU and U treatments. Compared with U, the NH3 volatilization of M treatment reduced by 62% and N2O emissions 53%. Compared with MU, the NH3 volatilization and N2O emissions of M treatment reduced by 57% and by 69% ,respectively. The amount of residual N fertilizer in the soil was in the order of M （64.9%） 〉 MU （36.7%） 〉 U （23.7%） and there was significant difference among them （P〈0.05）. Considering of the nitrogen loss and crop yield, it was concluded that the organic fertilizer ensured high tomato yield and decreased nitrogen loss, which could be used as technical extension in tomato production. Due to the complexities of climate conditions,crop and fertilizer types, more comparative studies of environmental impact and crop yield of combined application of organic with chemical fertilizers need to be undertaken to further optimize the intensive vegetable production.

关 键 词：氮肥 番茄 N2O排放 NH3挥发 

分 类 号：S14[农业科学—肥料学] S641.2[农业科学—农业基础科学]