城市小区建筑物和屋顶绿化对小区气象环境影响的数值模拟研究  

A numerical simulation of the effects of buildings and green roofs on the meteorology and environment in the urban sub-domain

作　　者：李佳慧[1] 刘红年[1] 马万里[2] 王学远[1] 蔡菊珍 

机构地区：[1]南京大学大气科学学院,南京210023 [2]杭州市气象局,杭州310008 [3]浙江省气候中心,杭州310000

出　　处：《气象科学》2017年第1期41-50,共10页Journal of the Meteorological Sciences

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划(973计划)项目(2014CB441203);国家自然科学基金资助项目(41575141;41305006);江苏省自然科学基金资助项目(BK2012314)

摘　　要：为了研究城市小区建筑物和屋顶绿化对小区气象环境影响,利用USDSM(城市小区气象与污染扩散数值模式)对杭州市一临钱塘江小区进行敏感性试验。结果表明:(1)小区建筑物的拖曳、阻尼和摩擦作用造成敏感小区内10 m高度平均水平风速减小0.56 m·s-1;对风速的影响范围:迎风向为500 m,背风向为500~600 m,侧风向为200 m,影响高度达到建筑物群平均高度的两倍以上。(2)小区建筑物存在导致低层污染扩散能力减弱,平均污染物浓度达到初始浓度0.01的时间延迟7.6 min。(3)100%的屋顶绿化面积可造成敏感小区平均地表温度下降0.56℃;5 m高度平均气温下降0.70℃;小区平均建筑物高度处气温下降0.94℃。敏感小区内10 m高度平均水平风速增加0.14 m·s-1;小区建筑物下游水平风速显著减小,影响范围达到了600~800 m。In order to study the influences of urbar buildings and green roofs on meteorology and environment of urban sub-domain,a developed urban sub-domain scale model was used to simulate a sensitivity experiment on sub-domain next to Qiantang river of Hangzhou. Results show that buildings in the sensitive sub-domain had a significant effect on wind field at 10 m,which decreased by 0. 56 m·s-1. The range where the influence of the buildings on the wind speed was 500 m on the wind direction,500-600 m on downwind direction,200 m on the cross of the wind direction and the influencing height was more than twice the averaged height of buildings in the vertical direction. The time reaching 1% pollutant concentration delayed 7. 6 mins in the low layer due to the existence of buildings. 100% roof green area reduced the surface temperature by 0. 56 ℃,temperature at 5 m by 0. 7 ℃ and temperature above average height of buildings by 0. 94 ℃. 100% roof green area also increased the horizontal velocity at 10 m by0. 14 m·s-1. The green roofs in the sensitive sub-domain also reduced horizontal wind speed at downwind area significantly. Range of downwind effects of green roofs reached 600-800 m.

关 键 词：小区建筑物 风场 污染扩散 屋顶绿化 数值模拟 

分 类 号：P435[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]