我国高水平男子400m自由泳运动员比赛数据参数及技术特征的研究  

Data Parameters and Technical Characteristics of National Top Level Men's 400m Freestyle Swimmers in China

作　　者：高捷[1] 陶旼 袁绍婷 程燕[4] 周晓东 

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学,北京100084 [2]岭南师范学院,广东湛江524000 [3]外交学院,北京100032 [4]国家体育总局体育科学研究所,北京100061 [5]北京体育科学研究所,北京100077

出　　处：《北京体育大学学报》2017年第1期90-95,共6页Journal of Beijing Sport University

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务专项资金资助项目(项目编号:2016ZX019)

摘　　要：近年来我国在男子400m自由泳项目中成绩突飞猛进,先后涌现出张琳、孙杨等高水平男子400m自由泳运动员。本研究运用文献资料法、专家访谈法、数理统计法、录像观察法、图像采集及解析等研究方法,对2011年上海世锦赛、2012—2016年全国冠军赛男子400 m自由泳项目比赛成绩参数和技术数据结果进行分析和阐释,得出以下结论,与世界高水平男子400m自由泳运动员相比:1)我国高水平运动员孙杨在冲刺360~395 m游速和冲刺5m时间方面占有优势,而在出发反应时、出发15 m时间、转身时间等3方面存在不足;2)2012—2016年全国冠军赛2~3名及4~8名运动员在出发反应时、冲刺360~395 m游速方面占有优势,但在出发15 m成绩、转身成绩和冲刺到边5 m成绩上存在明显劣势;3)划频慢、划幅大是我国高水平男子400 m自由泳运动员途中游的技术特征,而途中游分段成绩波动大、平均游速慢是我国2~3名及4~8名运动员配速特征;4)前交叉的两臂配合方式、单侧呼吸技术、6次打腿2次划臂1次呼吸的完整配合技术是我国高水平男子400m自由泳运动员技术特征。In recent years,men＇s 400 m freestyle in China has advanced rapidly： Zhang Lin and Sun Yang are toplevel swimmers in men＇s 400 m freestyle that appeared successively. By the methods of literature review,expert interview,mathematical statistics,video observation,image acquisition and analysis,this paper analyzed and explained the results and technical data of 400 m men＇s freestyle in 2011 Shanghai World Championships and 2012- 2016 National Championships. Conclusions are as follows： compared with the world＇s high level men＇s 400 m freestyle swimmers,1） our top level athlete Sun Yang has sprint 360-395m＇s swimming speed advantages and sprint 5m＇s time advantages,but has disadvantages in starting reaction time,15 m after starts and turns; 2） in 2012- 2016 National Championships,2nd-3rd and 4th-8th swimmers have advantages in starting reaction time and sprint 360- 395m＇s swimming speed,and have obvious disadvantages in 15 m after starts,turns and sprint in last 5m; 3） slow frequency and large range of strokes are technical characteristics of national top-level men＇s 400 m freestyle swimmers,while big fluctuation of segmentation results and slow speed of swimming arecharacteristics of distribution in speed of 2nd-3rd and 4th-8th swimmers; 4） front strokes,singe-side breathes,and coordination technology of 6 kicks,2 strokes and 1 breath are technical characteristics of national top-level men＇s 400 m freestyle swimmers.

关 键 词：高水平男子 400m自由泳 数据参数 技术特征 

分 类 号：G861.11[文化科学—体育训练]