北京西山典型游憩林内PM2.5质量浓度及水溶性离子特征分析  

Analysis on characteristics of PM2. 5mass concentration and water-soluble ions in typical recreation forest in Beijing West Mountain,China

作　　者：陈波[1,2] 蒋燕[3] 赵云阁[4] 鲁绍伟[2] 李少宁[2] 张洪江[1] CHEN Bo JIANG Yan ZHAO Yunge LU Shaowei LI Shaoning ZHANG Hongjiang(School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China Beijing Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Environmental Improvement with Forestry and Fruit Trees, Forestry and Pomology Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100093, China Environmental Science and Engineering College, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China College of Forestry, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding 071000, China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [2]北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所,北京林果业生态环境功能提升协同创新中心,北京100093 [3]西南林业大学环境科学与工程学院,昆明650224 [4]河北农业大学林学院,保定071000

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2017年第3期1713-1721,共9页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：北京市农林科学院青年基金资助项目(QNJJ201530);北京市农林科学院科技创新团队(JWKST201609);科技创新服务能力建设-协同创新中心-林果业生态环境功能提升协同创新中心(2011协同创新中心)(市级)(PXM2016_014207_000038)

摘　　要：以北京西山森林公园为观测点,运用双通道颗粒物在线监测设备监测PM_(2.5)质量浓度,使用离子色谱仪测定样品中水溶性离子浓度,对北京西山油松林PM_(2.5)质量浓度及水溶性离子特征进行分析。结果表明:PM_(2.5)质量浓度为冬季(121.29±16.78)μg·m^(-3)>春季(106.06±12.68)μg·m^(-3)>秋季(88.01±17.44)μg·m^(-3)>夏季(72.67±12.18)pg·m^(-3);SO-4^(2-)、Na^+、N0_3^-、HC0O^-是PM_(2.5)中最主要的水溶性离子成分,占所测水溶性离子浓度在四季分别为94.99%、72.66%,72.66%、89.52%,PM_(2.5)受SO_4^(2-)、Na^+、N0_3~_、NH_4^+影响较大基本呈正相关关系,SO_4^(2-)、Na^+、N0_3^-、NH_4^+、PM_(2.5)浓度季节变化一致,即在冬季最高,夏季最低春秋次之,且水溶性离子季节差异显著。SO_4^(2-)和N0_3^-、Na^+、NH_4^+的相关性极显著(r=0.85、0.80、0.92),NO_3^-和Na^+、NH_4^+之间关系也较大(r=0.87,0.66),Ca^(2+)和Mg^(2+)相关性极明显(r=0.98),其他水溶性离子间无明显的相关性,固定源和海洋源对水溶性离子贡献程度呈现出季节差异,秋季机动车尾气排放对空气硫和氮污染贡献达最高,春季最低,夏秋季海洋源对Cl^-影响明显。通过对森林植被区PM_(2.5)、水溶性离子特征及关系进行分析,更好地发挥植被的生态效益,提高空气质量。We chose Beijing West Mountain as the study site at which to monitor PM2.5 mass concentration with a double channel on-line monitor,and to measure the concentration of water-soluble ions in samples using ion chromatography.In these ways,we analyzed the PM2.5 mass concentration and water-soluble ions in the pine forest on Beijing West Mountain.The results showed that seasonal variation of the PM2.5 mass concentration was in the following order：winter（121.29±16.78）μg·m^-3 〉spring（106.06 ＋ 12.68）μg·m^-3 〉autumn（88.01 ＋ 17.44） μg·m^-3 〉summer（72.67± 12.18） μg·m^-3.The major components of the PM2.5 were SO4^2-,Na^＋,NO3^--,and HCOO^-.These contributed 94.99%,72.66%,72.66%,and 89.52%to water-soluble ions in the four seasons,respectively.PM2.5 was significantly affected by,and positively correlated with,SO4^2-,Na^＋,NO3^--,and NH4^＋.Seasonal variations in the concentrations of SO4^2-,Na-,NO3^--,NH4^＋,and PM2.5 were consistent.Namely,their concentrations were lowest in summer,second lowest in autumn,and third lowest in spring,while the concentrations were highest in winter.There were also obvious seasonal differences in water-soluble i—ons.There were extremely significant positive relationships between SO4^2- and NO3^--,Na^＋,and NH4^＋（r- 0.85,0.80 P.9）.Whereas NO3 had a significant correlation with Na^＋ and NH4^＋（r=0.87,0.66）.The correlation of Ca^2＋ to Mg^2＋ was extremely significant（r=0.98）,and correlations between the other water-soluble ions were not obvious.The contribution of stationary sources and the sea to these water-soluble ions showed seasonal differences.Vehicle exhaust made the greatest contribution to the atmospheric SO2 and NO3 in autumn,but made the lowest contribution in spring.The sea affected Cl^- obviously in summer and autumn.By analyzing the characteristics of the PM2.5 mass concentration and water-soluble ions,along with their mutual relationships,it was possible to improve the ecological benefits of the vegetation,which could i

关 键 词：北京西山 游憩林 PM2.5质量浓度 水溶性离子特征 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]