不同坐果方式对设施西瓜产量和品质的影响  

Effects of different fruit setting methods on yield and quality of watermelon under protected cultivation

作　　者：黄远[1] 李文海[1] 赵露 沈泰 陈海文[1] 孔秋生[1] 别之龙[1] HUANG Yuan LI Wenhai ZHAO Lu SHEN Tai CHEN Haiwen KONG Qiusheng BIE Zhilong(Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture ＆ Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, Hubei, Chin)

机构地区：[1]园艺植物生物学教育部重点试验室.华中农业大学园艺林学学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《中国瓜菜》2017年第3期15-17,21,共4页China Cucurbits And Vegetables

基　　金：农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203080);国家西甜瓜产业技术体系(CARS-26-16);湖北省科技支撑计划(研发与示范类)项目(2015BKA349)

摘　　要：以植物生长调节剂CPPU(氯吡脲)为对照,研究了CPPU处理、人工授粉和蜜蜂授粉3种坐果方式对西瓜果实产量和品质的影响。结果表明,采用蜜蜂授粉的西瓜商品果率、商品果产量显著高于CPPU处理,分别提高了11.76%和14.99%。采用蜜蜂授粉和人工授粉的西瓜果实品质无显著差异,但蜜蜂授粉的商品果率和商品果产量显著高于人工授粉,分别提高了5.56%和19.27%。采用CPPU处理的西瓜果皮硬度显著高于蜜蜂授粉和人工授粉,其果皮亮度L值最小,果肉硬度和质地最大,可溶性固形物含量和口感等级最低。与蜜蜂授粉相比较,CPPU处理的西瓜果实可溶性固形物含量和口感分级分别下降了5.03%和8.21%。采用蜜蜂授粉坐果的西瓜果实可溶性固形物含量、固酸比和口感最佳。因此,设施栽培条件下采用蜜蜂授粉坐果效果最佳,其果实产量最高,品质也最好,可替代人工授粉和CPPU处理坐果,值得在设施西瓜栽培中推广应用。This study investigated the effects of three different methods of fruit setting on yield and quality of watermelon grown under protected cultivation. The treatments included CPPU treatment, artificial pollination and honeybee pollination. The plants treated with plant growth regulator forchlorfenuron （CPPU） were used as control. The results showed that compared with CPPU treatment, honeybee pollination increased marketable fruit rate and marketable fruit yield by 11.76% and 14.99%, respectively. Compared with artificial pollination, honeybee pollination significantly increased the marketable fruit rate and marketable fruit yield by 5.56% and 19.27%, respectively, while there was no significance difference on the fruit quality. Compared with artificial pollination and honeybee pollination, CPPU treatment had the highest peel hardness, flesh hardness and texture, the lowest peel lightness （L） value, total soluble solid content and flesh taste rank. Compared with honeybee pollination, CPPU treatment decreased fruit soluble solid content and taste rank by 5.03% and 8.21%, respectively. Among the three fruit setting methods, honeybee pollination had the highest total soluble solid content and the ratio of total soluble solid to titratable acid, as well as taste rank, which suggested that it performed the best. Therefore, it could replace the artificial pollination and CPPU treatment for the watermelon fruit setting under protected cultivation.

关 键 词：西瓜 蜜蜂授粉 产量 品质 设施栽培 

分 类 号：S627[农业科学—园艺学] S651