宝鸡地区小儿急性呼吸道感染疾病谱及其预防措施的临床分析  

Clinical analysis of the disease spectrum of acute respiratory tract infections in children in Baoji area and its preventive measures

作　　者：魏升云 汤淑斌[1] 张惠[2] 庞伟斌[3] 王莉[4] WEI Shengyun TANG Shubin ZHANG Hui PANG Weibin WANG Li(PICU, Baoji Children＇s Hospital ,Baoji 721000 ,China)

机构地区：[1]宝鸡市妇幼保健院儿童医院PICU,陕西宝鸡721000 [2]宝鸡市妇幼保健院儿童医院质控科,陕西宝鸡721000 [3]宝鸡市妇幼保健院儿童医院检验科,陕西宝鸡721000 [4]宝鸡市妇幼保健院儿童医院产科,陕西宝鸡721000

出　　处：《中国中西医结合儿科学》2017年第1期80-84,共5页Chinese Pediatrics of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine

摘　　要：目的分析宝鸡地区小儿急性呼吸道感染定位诊断的疾病谱及其预防保健措施。方法从医院His系统下载宝鸡市妇幼保健院儿童医院2015年1月至12月小儿呼吸道感染住院患儿的年龄、性别、病变部位的定位诊断、转归等临床资料。结果 2015年小儿呼吸道感染住院患儿共8 595例,占全部住院患儿的57.9%(8 595/14 842),其中急性上呼吸道感染占23.6%(2 029/8 595),下呼吸道感染占76.4%(6 566/8 595)。累及气管支气管的下呼吸道感染占23.1%(1 983/8 595),小儿肺炎4 583例,占53.3%(4 583/8 595)。各年龄组小儿上、下呼吸道感染发病率各有特点,发病高峰年龄组均在3月龄至1岁。其中因下呼吸道感染住院诊疗率是急性上呼吸道感染的3.2倍,小儿急性呼吸道感染也是宝鸡地区住院患儿死亡的首位病因,占全部住院患儿死亡的38.7%(12/31),其中因新生儿肺炎和小儿重症肺炎死亡的患儿占全部死亡患儿的32.3%(10/31)。结论宝鸡地区小儿呼吸道感染是小儿住院治疗的首位病因,而且疾病谱复杂多样,发病高峰年龄为3月龄至1岁;下呼吸道感染住院诊疗率远高于急性上呼吸道感染;小儿肺炎仍是宝鸡地区住院患儿死亡的首位病因,认真细心做好各年龄阶段的预防保健、提高诊治水平,对降低小儿急性呼吸道感染的发病率、提高救治成功率、降低死亡率均至关重要。Objective To analyze the diagnosis of disease spectrum in children with acute respiratory tract infections in Baoji and preventive health care measures.Methods The clinical date of the children hospitalized for respiratory infection in Baoji Children＇s Hospital from January to December of 2015 were downloaded from the His system of the hospital,including age,gender,locating of lesion and the diagnosis and prognosis.Results There were totally 8 595 cases of respiratory infection,accounting for 57.9%（8 595/14 842）of all the children hospitalized in the hospital in 2015,among which 23.6%（2 029/8 595）were acute upper respiratory infection,76.4%（6 566/8 595）lower.Among those with lower infection,23.1%（1 983/8 595）were with tracheal and bronchial involvement;there were 4 583 cases of infancy pneumonia,accounting for53.3%（4 583/8 595）.The occurrence rate of upper and lower respiratory infection was different in each age group;the peak age of onset was between 3months and 1year.The hospitalization rate of those with lower respiratory infection was 3.2times of that of those with acute upper respiratory infection.Acute respiratory infection was also the first cause of death in Baoji,accounting for 38.7% of all the causes of death（12/31）,and 32.3%（10/31）of the children died of neonatal pneumonia and severe pneumonia.Conclusion Respiratory infection is the first cause of hospitalization in children of Baoji.The disease spectrum is various,with the peak between 3months and one year old.The hospitalization rate for lower respiratory infection is muchhigher than that for acute upper infection.Pneumonia is still the first cause of death in children in Baoji.It＇s better to do a good job in prevention and healthcare of children of all ages and to improve diagnosis and treatment level in order to reduce the occurrence rate of acute respiratory infection,increase the success rate and decrease the death rate.

关 键 词：呼吸道感染 疾病谱 诊断 预防 措施 儿童 

分 类 号：R725.6[医药卫生—儿科]