缓释肥和专用肥对甘蔗产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Fertilizing Slow-release Fertilizer and Sugarcane-special Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Sugarcane

作　　者：廖青[1] 江泽普[1] 邢颖[1] 杨绍锷[1] 陈桂芬[1] 梁潘霞[1] 蒙炎成[1] Liao Qing Jiang Ze-pu Xing Ying Yang Shao-e Chen Gui-fen Liang Pan-xia Meng Yan-cheng(Agricultural Resources and Environment Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 53000)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所,广西南宁530007

出　　处：《广西糖业》2017年第1期10-14,共5页Guangxi Sugar Industry

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金资助(CARS-20-3-5);广西科学研究与技术开发计划(桂科能14121007-1-5);广西农业科学院科技发展基金项目(桂农科2015JM23)

摘　　要：【目的】探讨缓释肥和甘蔗专用肥对甘蔗生长和品质的影响,为甘蔗节本增效栽培提供理论依据。【方法】在广西2个主要蔗区开展大田试验,研究了三种施肥处理:Ⅰ、单施复合肥,Ⅱ、复合肥+缓释肥,Ⅲ、专用基肥+专用追肥在等价施肥条件下对甘蔗生长、产量和糖分的影响。【结果】三种施肥处理对甘蔗出苗、分蘖和有效茎影响不大,但与单施N、P、K比例为1:1:1的复合肥的处理Ⅰ相比,处理Ⅱ用缓释肥作为追肥,甘蔗生长更好,株高和茎径均增加,最终获得增产。而处理Ⅲ根据甘蔗的需肥特性设计配比合理的专用肥,且处理Ⅲ专用基肥含有一定量的有机质,可以促进甘蔗糖分的积累,所以处理Ⅲ的产量和糖分比处理Ⅱ进一步提高。【结论】缓释肥和甘蔗专用肥能显著提高甘蔗产量,特别是甘蔗专用肥,其养分配比合理且含有一定的有机质,能提高甘蔗蔗糖分,获得明显的经济效益,值得大力推广应用。[Objective]The aim is to explore the effects of fertilizing slow-release fertilizer and sugarcane-special fertilizer on yield and quality of sugarcane and provide theoretical basis for sugarcane cultivation with low input and high output.[Methods]Field tests were conducted in two main sugarcane regions in Guangxi. Three equivalent fertilizer treatments as：I compound fertilizer,II compound fertilizer ＋ slow-re- lease fertilizer and III special base fertilizer＋ special topdressing fertilizer were set to study the effects of different treatments on sugarcane growth,yield and sugar content. [ Result]Three fertilizing treatments had little effect on sugarcane emergence,tillering and productive stem. However,compared with treatment I that single application of compound fertilizer with N ： P： K ratio as 1 ： 1 ： 1, treatment II using slow-release fertilizer as topdressing fertilizer, sugarcane grew better,both the plant height and stalk diameter in- creased, so that the yield of sugarcane was raised. In treatment III, sugarcane-special fertilizer was set with reasonable NPK ratio according to the sugarcane characteristics of fertilizers required,otherwise, the special base fertilizer contained some organic matters which could promote the sugar accumulation, so, the yield and sugar content of treatment III were further increased,compared with that of treatment II. [ Con- clusion]Slow-release fertilizer and sugarcane-special fertilizer could improve the yield of sugarcane sig- nificantly,especially,the sugarcane-special fertilizer,due to its reasonable NPK ratio and containing or- ganic matters, could further increase the sugar content. So both two fertilizers could obtain obvious eco- nomic benefit and be worth with extending.

关 键 词：缓释肥 甘蔗专用肥 甘蔗 生长 产量 

分 类 号：S566.1[农业科学—作物学]