2015年北京市病媒生物监测结果分析  

Analysis on the results of vector surveillance in Beijing,2015

作　　者：张勇[1,2] 周小洁[1] 刘婷[1] 田彦林[1] 付学峰[1] 曾晓芃[1] ZHANG Yong ZHOU Xiao-jie LIU Ting TIAN Yan-lin FU Xue-feng ZENG Xiao-peng(Belting Center for Disease Control and Prevention/Beifing Center for Preventive Medicine Research, Beijing 100013, China)

机构地区：[1]北京市疾病预防控制中心/北京市预防医学研究中心,100013 [2]首都医科大学公共卫生学院

出　　处：《首都公共卫生》2017年第1期7-10,共4页Capital Journal of Public Health

摘　　要：目的为了准确摸清北京市病媒生物危害的本底情况,全面掌握蚊、蝇、鼠、蟑螂等主要病媒生物的种类、数量、分布及季节变化情况,为预测、预报和控制媒介生物性传染病提供科学依据。方法蚊密度监测采用CO2诱蚊灯法,蝇密度监测采用笼诱法,蟑螂密度监测采用粘捕法,鼠密度监测采用夹夜法、粉迹法、盗食法和堵洞查盗法。结果北京市2015年主要蚊种为淡色库蚊(占蚊总数的93.72%),白纹伊蚊居第2位(占蚊总数的5.84%),三带喙库蚊第3位(占蚊总数的0.38%)。平均蚊密度为1.11只/灯·小时,比2014年下降了11.9%,其中7月上旬达到最高峰。在不同环境中,旅游景点蚊密度最高,其余依次为公园绿地和居民区。主要蝇种为麻蝇(占蝇总数的43.62%),腐蝇居第2位(占蝇总数的16.08%),绿蝇居第3位(占蝇总数的14.23%)。平均蝇密度为6.62只/笼·天,比2014年降低了15.02%,其中7月下旬蝇密度最高。在不同环境中,公园绿地蝇密度最高,其余依次为农贸市场和居民区。主要蟑螂种类为德国小蠊。平均蟑螂密度值为0.06只/张·夜,比2014年降低10.44%。其中7月蟑螂密度最高。在不同环境中,中小餐饮蟑螂密度最高,其余依次为居民家庭和农贸市场。其中居民家庭蟑螂侵害率9.69%,较2014年降低29.9%;密度为0.11只/张·夜,较2014年降低38.0%。主要鼠种为褐家鼠(69.44%)和小家鼠(30.56%)。鼠密度为0.22%,与2014年持平。其中6月鼠密度最高。在不同环境与行业中,公共绿地鼠密度最高,其余依次为中小餐饮和地下管线。结论北京市2015年主要病媒生物危害均处于较低水平,今后应持续提升监测系统敏感性,不断改进监测方法,重点关注传播媒介生物性传染病的主要媒介,提高监测与预警预报的水平,为北京市病媒生物防制提供科学依据。Objective In order to accurately understand the background of the vector-borne disease in Beijing,to comprehensively know the species,quantity,distribution and seasonal variation of major vectors such as mosquitoes,flies,rats and cockroaches,for the prediction and treatment of vector-borne disease. Methods The carbon dioxide trapping methodwas used for adult mosquito density surveillance. The cage trap method was used for the surveillance of flies. The sticky catch method was used for the surveillance of cockroaches. The night trapping method,powder trace method,stealing food method and bocking hole method were used for the surveillance of rats. Results The major mosquito species in Beijing were Culex pipiens pallens,accounting for 93. 72% of the total in 2015. Aedes albopictus was in the second place,accounting for 5. 84%. The third was Culex tritaeniorhynchus,accounting for 0. 38%. The average density of mosquitoes was 1. 11 per hour per trap,which was11. 9% lower than that in 2014,and reached the peak in early July. In different environments,the mosquito density of tourist attractions was the highest,followed by parks and residentials. The major flies were Sarcophagidae,accounting for 43. 62% of the total flies. The rot flies were the second,accounting for 16. 08% of the total. Green flies were the third,accounting for14. 23% of the total. The average density of flies was 6. 62 per cage per day,which was 15. 02% lower than that in 2014,and reached the peak in late July. In different environments,the density of flies for park was the highest,followed by farmer＇s market and residential. The major cockroach species is German cockroach. The average cockroach density was 0. 06 per sticker per night,which decreased by 10. 44% from 2014. The highest density of cockroaches was in July. In different environments,the density of cockroaches for small restaurants was the highest,followed by households and farmers ＇ markets. The rate of home cockroach infestation was 9. 69%,which was 29. 9% lower than that of 2014（ 1

关 键 词：蚊 蝇 鼠 蟑螂 监测 

分 类 号：R184.3[医药卫生—流行病学]