陕西农村地区学龄儿童智力发育影响因素通径分析  

Pathway analysis on the influencing factors of intelligence development of school-aged children in rural areas of Shaanxi province

作　　者：常玲[1] 曾令霞[2] 陈志军[1] 刘丹丽[2] 朱中海 张峰[1] 赵永钢[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西省西安市疾病预防控制中心卫生监测科,710054 [2]西安交通大学医学部公共卫生学院卫生统计学教研室

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2017年第2期235-237,共3页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：新世纪优秀人才支持计划(NCET-11-0417)

摘　　要：目的了解陕西农村地区学龄儿童的智力发育水平,分析影响智力发育的因素,为改善其智力发育提供参考。方法采用随访队列研究方法,通过基线数据、问卷调查和量表评估收集陕西省长武、彬县1 621名儿童相关数据。采用通径分析定量比较各因素对儿童智力发育影响力的大小。结果儿童标化后总智商平均得分为(89.9±13.0)分。通径分析结果显示,影响儿童总智商的因素从大到小依次为父亲学历、母亲学历、儿童现阶段身高、父亲职业、现时家庭经济状况、儿童学校类别、母亲职业、低出生体重、孕期家庭经济状况、儿童性别(总效应分别为0.167,0.167,0.141,0.127,0.105,0.096,0.072,-0.067,0.055,-0.048)。结论陕西省西部农村地区学龄期儿童智力发育水平整体低于全国平均水平,影响儿童智力发育的因素主要包括社会人口学特征、低出生体重、儿童饮食营养状况及教育资源选择等。应加强对贫困地区儿童智力发育的关注,提高我国学龄儿童智力发育的整体水平。Objective To describe the current intelligence development status of school-aged children in rural areas of Shaanxi province, to study the factors of intelligence development, and to provide evidence for improving the intelligence development of them. Methods Through follow-up cohort study design, data was collected by baseline data, structured questionnaire and intelligence test. Mean and standard deviation, percentage and proportion were used for statistical description. The effect of influencing factor on the intelligence development for children was compared by pathway analysis. Results The mean of age-adjusted full scale Intelligence Quotient （IQ） for children was（ 89.9＋ 13.0）. The results of path analysis showed that the influencing factors were as follows： fathers＇ education （0.167）, mothers＇ education （0.167）, children＇s height （0.141）, fathers＇ occupation（0.127）, present household wealth（0.105）, school level（0.096）, mothers＇ occupation （0.072）, low birth weight （-0.067）, household wealth in pregnancy（0.055）, children＇s gender（-0.048）. Conclusion Children＇s IQ in rural areas of Shaanxi province is significantly lower than the national average. The factors associated with children＇s IQ included socio-demographie characteristics （household wealth, parents＇ education and occupation）, adverse pregnancy outcomes （ low birth weight）, diet intake and nutrition of children （ diet behavior, children＇s height and weight）, and choice of education resource（ school level）. It should be paid more attention to the effects of household wealth on children＇s intelligence development in rural areas, to raise the whole intelligence level of children in our country.

关 键 词：农村人口 智力 生长和发育 儿童 

分 类 号：B848.5[哲学宗教—心理学] R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]