遥感在生态系统生态学上应用的机遇与挑战  

Opportunities and challenges in remote sensing applications to ecosystem ecology

作　　者：张扬建[1,2,3] 范春捆[4] 黄珂[1,3] 刘瑶杰[1,3] 俎佳星 朱军涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国科学院青藏高原地球科学卓越创新中心,北京100101 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]西藏自治区农牧科学院农业研究所,拉萨850032

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2017年第3期809-823,共15页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA05050404-3)资助

摘　　要：生态学正朝着区域和宏观尺度及定量化方向发展,社会经济发展对生态学研究也提出了新的要求。遥感作为有效技术手段在生态学研究的应用上得到了越来越多的重视。研究遥感的功能与生态学研究中存在的问题,寻求遥感技术与生态学结合切入点,不仅是遥感应用发展的需要,更是解决生态学问题的有益途径。对于非遥感专业的生态学研究人员及从事专业遥感的科研人员来说,生态学和遥感的结合还缺少相关的背景知识介绍。本文从生态学研究的发展趋势、遥感技术的特点,综合论述遥感在生态学研究中的特点、历史发展及未来趋势。本综述主要针对于生态系统尺度以上生态学的研究,具体包括遥感在生态系统环境、生态系统生物组成、生态系统结构、生态系统物质循环和流动及生态系统功能等方面的应用。结合遥感技术的发展,论述了遥感与生态学研究有效结合的组分,同时论述了各套遥感数据在不同方面应用的优缺点,提出了遥感在生态学研究上应用的相关建议。The macro-ecology is the new developing foci of ecology,which entails ecology to be conducted from the aspect of quantification. The social-economic development has been phasing out new requirements on ecological research. Remote sensing,as a technique tool,is being increasingly applied to ecological research. It＇s necessary to study the function of remote sensing and the issues of ecology,and to seek the pointcut between them. Those are the developments of remote sensing application,and a useful way to solve the ecological problem. For ecologists without remote sensing background,or vice versa,lack of mutual understanding still remains a hurdle to integration of remote sensing and ecology. In this review,we described how remote sensing can be applied to ecological research. The related history was summarized and the future trend was also predicted. This review was mainly targeted at research on scales above ecosystem level. Speci-fically,we went over remote sensing application on ecosystem environments,ecosystem biological composition,ecosystem structure,ecosystem material flow and cycling,and ecosystem functions. On the basis of developing remote sensing technology,we pointed out how remote sensing can be combined effectively with ecological research. In the meantime,we summarized the advantages and disadvantages of each remote sensing dataset,which can be used as a guidance for applying remote sensing in ecological research.

关 键 词：生态学 生态系统 遥感 生态过程 

分 类 号：TP79[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置] Q14[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]