三峡库区汉丰湖鱼类群落结构的季节变化  

Seasonal variations of fish community structure of Lake Hanfeng in Three Gorges Reservoir region

作　　者：王敏[1,2] 朱峰跃[1] 刘绍平[1] 段辛斌[1] 陈大庆[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所,武汉430223 [2]华中农业大学水产学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《湖泊科学》2017年第2期439-447,共9页Journal of Lake Sciences

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201303056-5)资助

摘　　要：为了解汉丰湖鱼类群落结构的季节变化特征,以便为汉丰湖鱼类资源的合理利用及保护提供理论依据,于2014年12月、2015年4、7和10月按季度共4次对汉丰湖鱼类群落结构进行调查与分析.结果表明:共采集到鱼类8538尾,38种,隶属于5目9科32属;其中,鲤形目鱼类有28种,占总物种数的73.68%.鱼类组成以湖泊定居性种类为主,瓦氏黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus vachelli)、蛇鮈(Saurogobio dabryi)、银鮈(Squalidus argentatus)、鲫(Carassius auratus)、光泽黄颡鱼(Pelteobagrus nitidus)、鲤(Cyprinus carpio)和贝氏(Hemiculter bleekeri)为汉丰湖的重要优势种,占总尾数的67.45%.汉丰湖鱼类群落Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielous均匀度指数和Margalef丰富度指数在冬季最高,而Pielous均匀度指数在不同季节相对稳定.Jaccard群落相似性指数较高,季节间种类相似度较高.鱼类群落稳定性分析表明,冬季稳定性最高,其次为春季,夏季稳定性最低.湖泊生境尤其是水位的变化对汉丰湖鱼类群落结构影响明显.Lake Hanfeng is located in the junction of east and south river in Kaixian county of Chongqing City in middle and upper reaches of Xiaojiang River in the Three Gorges Reservoir region.The change in its water level is dramatic （from 175 m when the Three Gorges Dam operated to 160 m in the summer） and mainly dually controlled by Three Gorges Reservoir and water level regu- lation dam of Lake Hanfeng in Wuyang village.The large fluctuation in water level has great influences on the quality of aquatic or- ganisms including/＇/sh within the reg/on but being rarly studied. This study analyzed the seasona/change characteristics of commu- nity structure of fish in the lake under the background of changing water level.The survey and analysis of community structure of fish in the Lake Hanfeng was carried out in Dec. 2014 and Apr., Jul., and Oct., 2015.A total of 8538 individuals were taxonomically identified, belonging to 38 species of 9 families in 5 orders. Among those, 28 species belong to Cypriniformes, accounting for 73.68% of the total,and mainly composed of limnicolous fish.The species number in each season was relatively stable, with 28, 28, 29, 33 species in spring, summer, autumn and winter, respectively.Pelteobagrus vachelli, Saurogobio dabryi, Squalidus argen- tatus, Carassius auratus, Pelteobagrus nitidus, Cyprinus carpio and Hemiculter bleekeri were the dominant species, accounting for 67.45 % of the total. Seasonally, the number of dominant species was highest in winter （ 12 ）, followed by spring （ 9 ）, summer （ 11 ） and autumn （6）.The fish diversity index, Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou evenness index and Margalef index was the highest in winter, while the lowest Shannon-Wiener diversity index and Pielous evenness index in summer.There were no significant differ- ences between the seasonal Pielous evenness index and the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. Jaccard index was high ,which indica- ted that more fish species overlapped seasonally.The Jaccard similarity index analysis showed that th

关 键 词：三峡库区 汉丰湖 鱼类 群落结构 生物多样性 季节变化 

分 类 号：S931.1[农业科学—渔业资源]