农业物联网体系结构与应用领域研究进展  

Agricultural IOT Architecture and Application Model Research

作　　者：郑纪业[1,2] 阮怀军[2] 封文杰[2] 许世卫[1] ZHENG JiYe RUAN HuaiJun FENG WenJie XU ShiWei(Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081 S＆TInformation Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业信息研究所,北京100081 [2]山东省农业科学院科技信息研究所,济南250100

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2017年第4期657-668,共12页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划(2014BAD08B05)

摘　　要：农业物联网是计算机、互联网、移动通信等信息技术在农业领域的高度集成和具体应用,是农业信息化、智能化的必要条件。随着农业物联网产业发展,各种农业物联网系统层出不穷,由于缺乏对整个农业物联网系统层次结构的分析,导致当前各农业物联网应用呈现出碎片化、垂直化、异构化等问题。如何从农业物联网各种应用需求中统一抽取出系统的组成部件以及它们之间的组织关系,建立农业物联网体系结构,实现农业物联网设计与实现方法的统一是当前急需解决的问题。文中从农业物联网的概念发展、基本特征、体系结构研究现状等方面进行深入分析后认为,当前各个国家与机构制订的物联网发展和管理计划对科研人员从事物联网研究与应用开发起到了很好的引导作用,但是都没有指出设计与实现物联网系统的具体方法,并且农业生产环境的多样性和生产流程的复杂性决定了必须统筹考虑农业各行业的具体应用特点来建立农业物联网体系结构。为此在文章中首先讨论了农业物联网体系结构构建原则包括可扩展性、可复用性、安全性和可靠性等,在此基础上结合农业产业的具体需求及工程实践经验,进一步划分农业物联网的基本结构,提出五层农业物联网结构模型,该模型由下至上划分为感知层、接入层、网络层、数据层及应用层五层,各层对应不同的通信协议,农业物联网层次结构模型与协议体系的配套构成了农业物联网体系结构。该体系结构与传统的三层、四层物联网体系结构相比,增加的农业物联网接入层针对泛在环境中多数物体的资源和计算能力受限问题,着重强调了底层异构感知网络与网络层的无缝连接,可以有效屏蔽底层异构感知网络的复杂性,并提供统一的抽象管理接口,为农业物联网硬件感知系统的快速搭建提供便利。增加的农业Agricultural Internet of Things（AIoT） is the highly integrated information technology such as computer, internet and mobile communication＇s application in agricultural field, and it is the essential condition for the agricultural informatization and intelligent. With the development of AIo T industry, there appears an endless stream of AIo T application systems, because of the lack of analysis for AIoT system＇s whole architecture, the current AIo T application presents the fractional, vertical and heterogeneous characteristics. Extracting the system components and their relationship from various AIo T applications, and establishing AIo T system architecture, to achieve the AIoT＇s design and realization method＇s unification are urgent problems need to be solved. The paper analyzed the AIo T＇s concepts, basic features and system structure research status, and found that the IoT development and management plans from different countries and institutes played good guidance for the related researchers, however, they didn＇t give the specific methods that can design and realize the Io T systems, and furthermore agricultural environment＇s diversity and complexity determine that AIo T architecture＇s establishment must consider agricultural industries characteristics as a whole. Therefore, the paper firstly discussed the agricultural architecture building principles including extensibility, reusability, safety and reliability and so on, then combined with the specific needs of agricultural industry and experiences from engineering practices, put forward an AIo T hierarchical structure model, the model is divided into five layers from the bottom to the up, they are perception layer, access layer, network layer, data layer and application layer, respectively, and each layer corresponds to different communication protocols. And pointed out that AIOT hierarchical model and the corresponding protocol architecture constitute the AIoT architecture. Compared with the traditional three layers and four layers arch

关 键 词：农业物联网 体系结构 层次模型 应用领域 发展方向 

分 类 号：S126[农业科学—农业基础科学] TP391.44[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术] TN929.5[自动化与计算机技术—计算机科学与技术]