川渝黔稻瘟病菌毒性的区域分化研究  

Difference in Virulence of Magnaporthe oryzae from Sichuan,Chongqing and Guizhou

作　　者：张姝[1] 钟雪莲[1] 乔贵艳 沈丽[2] 周天云 彭云良[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业部西南作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,四川成都610066 [2]四川省农业厅植物保护站,四川成都610042 [3]重庆市种子管理站,重庆401121

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2017年第2期359-365,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：公益性(农业)行业专项(201203014);国家水稻产业技术体系专项经费(CARS-01-25);四川省育种攻关项目(YZGG2016-25)

摘　　要：四川、重庆和贵州是我国稻瘟病(Magnaporthe oryzae)重要发生区之一,分析这些地区稻瘟病菌群体的毒性差异,有助于延长抗性品种使用寿命,减轻稻瘟病发生危害。为了解不同地区稻瘟病菌的毒性差异,2012-2013年在四川、重庆21个县(区)的稻瘟病常发地种植以丽江新团黑谷为背景的24个水稻抗稻瘟病单基因系,按国际水稻所0~9级标准调查各地水稻抗稻瘟单基因系的发病情况。2014-2015年采集四川省北部10个、贵州省全境15个和山东省2个县(区)共47块病田穗颈瘟标样,浸湿后接种上述近等基因系及16个水稻品种并以薄膜覆盖隔离40 d后调查。四川、重庆21个病圃的调查结果表明在不同地点表现抗病的频率最高的基因为Pi2(38.10%)。四川、贵州等地标样接种鉴定结果表明Pik^h、Pik^s和Pi Km对来自贵州28块病田的稻瘟菌的抗性频率分别为51.85%、48.15%和48.15%,Pi Km、Pi2、Pi9、Pik^h、和Pik^s对来自四川省北部18块病田的病菌的抗性频率分别为70.00%、60.00%、50.00%、50.00%和45.00%,其中Pi2对四川北部病菌的抗性频率显著高于贵州病菌(P=0.0066)。四川稻瘟病菌生理小种鉴别寄主成恢448、内恢99-14和RHR-1对贵州病田来源病菌的抗性频率分别为74.07%、70.37%和70.37%,对四川北部病田来源病菌的抗性频率则分别为90.00%、70.00%和90.00%,均显著高于IR24、明恢63、多恢1号对两地病菌的抗性频率。10个杂交稻生产品种对四川北部和贵州省病田稻瘟病菌的抗性频率分别在90.00%~100.00%和81.48%~92.59%之间波动。对不同病圃和病田的稻瘟病菌毒性的聚类分析结果表明,稻瘟病菌的毒性差异虽然有随着地理距离扩大而加大的趋势,但相同县乃至同一地点不同田块间病菌毒性也可能有显著差异,而不同县(区)的稻瘟病菌则可能因对24个单基因系同时具有毒性而须借助其他水稻品种加以区分。Abstraet：Siehuan, Chongqing and Guizhou are among the most important areas for rice blast disease （Magnaporthe oryzae） to take place and cause losses. To investigate the difference in the virulence of blast fungus between the different regions, it wiU be benefit for prolonging the use of resistance cultivars. In 2012 and 2013,24 monogenic lines of rice for blast resistance of the common background of Lijiangxintuan Heigu （LTH） were planted at the locations of frequent epidemic of blast disease in 21 counties of Siehuan province and Chongqing city. In 2014 and 2015, panicle blast specimens were collected from totally 47 paddy fields from 15 counties in whole Guizhou proviee, 10 counties in the northern part of Siehuan Province and 2 counties in Shandong provinces and immersed in water for 4 hours before they were inoculated on the arrays of 16 varieties and the 24 monogenic lines of flee. After the mulching and complete segregation by plastic membrane for 40 days, to investigate the flee blast incidences of 16 varieties and the 24 monogenie lines,The sesult of experiment in 2012 and 2013 indicate that resistance gene Pi2 was then found to express the resistance in 38.10 % of the disease nurseries. The rice blast identification results of panicle blast specimens which collecting form Sicban, Guizhou and other place indicate that resistance genes Pik^h , Pik^s , and PiKm were found to be resistant to blast fungus respectively from 51.85 % , 48.15 % and 48.15 % of the disease fields in Guizhou, PiKm, Pi2, Pi9, Pikh, and Pik＇ were resistant to the blast fungus respectively from 70.00 %, 60.00 %, 50.00 %, 50.00 % and 45.00 % of the disease fields in Sichuan. The frequency for Pi2 to be resistant to the blast fungus from fields in northern part of Sichuan was significantly higher than that in Guizhou （ P = 0. 0066 ）. The frequencies for 3 differential host varieties i. e. Chenghui 448, Neihui 99-14 and RHR-1, to be resistant to blast fungus from the fields in Guizhou and northern part of Sichuan were res

关 键 词：稻瘟病菌 抗稻瘟病单基因系 抗性频率 菌株毒性 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S435.111[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]