新型肥料对辣椒磷钾素积累分配及利用的影响  

Effects of New-type Fertilizer Application on Phosphorus and Potassium Accumulation and Distribution and Fertilizer Utilization of Pepper

作　　者：张萌[1,2,3] 肖厚军[1,2,3] 赵欢[1,2,3] 芶久兰[1,2,3] 秦松[1,2,3] 王正银[4] 何佳芳[1,2,3] 刘彦伶[1,2,3] 

机构地区：[1]贵州省土壤肥料研究所,贵州贵阳550006 [2]贵州省农业科学院肥料示范厂,贵州贵阳550006 [3]农业部贵州耕地保育与农业环境科学观测实验站,贵州贵阳550006 [4]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400716

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2017年第2期376-382,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省科技成果转化引导基金计划项目"贵州辣椒专用肥配方转化及应用"[黔科合成转字(2014)5028];贵州省科学技术基金项目"两种新型肥料N素养分释放特性与生物效应研究"[黔科合LH字(2014)7706];贵州省农业科学院院自主创新项目"黄壤性中低产田土壤改良与生产力提升关键技术研究"[黔农科院自主创新科研专项字(2014)007];贵州省农业科学院院专项"贵州特色农业废弃物生物质炭化及其生物效应研究与示范"(黔农科院院专项[2015]11号);贵州省农业科学院院专项"贵州辣椒专用炭基(缓释)肥研制及其施用技术研究与示范"(黔农科院院专项[2016]025号);贵州省农业攻关项目"稻菜轮作体系化肥减量增效技术研究与集成示范"[黔科合NY字(2012)3045]

摘　　要：为探索贵州黄壤区辣椒养分吸收与分配特性对新型肥料的响应,采用盆栽方法,研究西洋复合肥(N∶P_2O_5∶K_2O为15∶15∶15)、保水型缓释肥(N∶P_2O_5∶K_2O为16∶10∶16)、稳定性缓释肥(N∶P_2O_5∶K_2O为16∶10∶16)、包膜型缓释肥(N∶P_2O_5∶K_2O为18∶8∶16)和长效氮肥(含氮量为46%)对辣椒磷、钾素积累、分配及肥料利用效率的影响。结果表明:与普通复合肥(西洋复合肥)相比,施用新型肥料可使辣椒磷素吸收提前,磷素积累快速增长开始时间和结束时间分别提前6~12和22~46 d,缩短磷素快速增长持续期10~33 d;新型肥料可使辣椒钾素积累明显滞后,以包膜型缓释肥的滞后时间最长,辣椒花后钾素积累效果最为明显;磷素和钾素的当季回收利用率分别为9.59%~13.42%和106.97%~176.51%,新型肥料施用对辣椒磷素的当季回收利用率影响不明显,但施用稳定性缓释肥和包膜型缓释肥会显著影响钾素的当季回收利用率。贵州黄壤区辣椒生产应适当调整施肥方式,建议采用减磷增钾的施肥策略,尤其应当注意稳定性和包膜型缓释肥与外源钾肥的配施。In order to explore the response of the nutrient absorption and distribution characteristics of pepper to new-type fertilizers in Guizhou yellow soil, a pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of new-type fertilizer on phosphorus and potassium accumulation and distribution and fertilizer use efficiency. Results： The phosphorus accumulation of fast-growing start time t1 and the end time t2 were 6 - 12 d and 22 -46 d ahead compared with FHF treatment respectively, and the rapid accumulation of phosphorus in the continuous phase was 10 -33 d shorter than that of FHF treatment, and BSX and WDX were beneficial to ＇ late absorption＇ of phosphorus compared with BMX and CXDF. Compared with FHF treatment, the potassium accumu- lation were obviously lag. BMX was of the longest lag time, and it is best for post-anthesis potassium accumulation. In terms of recov- ery utilization, the REp and REK were 9.59 % - 13.42 % and 106.97 % - 176.51%, respectively. The effect of new-type fer- tilizer application on REp was not obvious, but it could significant- ly affect the REKof WDX and BMX treatment. This indicated that we should be appropriately adjust the way of fertilization by ＇ re- ducing phosphorus and increasing potassium＇ , and should be paid attention to the stability application of WDX, BMX and potassium fertilizer in particular.

关 键 词：新型肥料 辣椒 磷素 钾素 积累与分配 

分 类 号：S143.5[农业科学—肥料学]