南半球海洋大气气溶胶单颗粒的理化特性分析  

Physico-chemical Characteristics of Individual Aerosol Particles in Marine Atmosphere on South Hemisphere

作　　者：迟建伟[1] 李传金[2] 孙俊英[3] 张剑[1] 王辉 王瀚韬[1] 李卫军[1] CHI Jian-wei LI Chuan-jin SUN Jun-ying ZHANG Jian WANG Hui WANG Han-tao LI Wei-jun(Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Ji＇nan 250100, China Gold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学环境研究院,济南250100 [2]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,兰州730000 [3]中国气象科学研究院大气成分研究所大气化学重点开放实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《环境科学》2017年第3期903-910,共8页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41575116);山东省杰出青年科学基金项目(JQ201413);山东大学青年学者未来计划项目(2015WLJH37);山东大学基本科研业务费专项(2014QY001);国家重点基础研究发展规划(973)项目(2013CBA01804);国家海洋局极地专项(CHINARE2016-04-04;CHINARE 2016-02-02)

摘　　要：运用透射电子显微镜-X射线能谱技术分析了中国第29次南极科考期间采集的大气气溶胶单颗粒样品,获得颗粒物的形貌特征、混合状态、成分组成及数量分布等信息.结果表明,航渡区域海洋上空的颗粒物主要表现为4类:海盐颗粒、矿物颗粒、富硫颗粒和含碳颗粒,其中海盐颗粒占主导,本研究将海盐颗粒又分为新鲜、部分老化及完全老化的海盐颗粒.部分和完全老化的海盐颗粒占海盐颗粒总数的86%,且部分老化的海盐颗粒表面及完全老化的海盐颗粒以长条状Na2SO4成分为主.同时,发现两处采样点(印度洋中东部和南极内陆)的样品中富硫颗粒较多,根据后向气团轨迹判断这些富硫颗粒主要来源于海洋地区,推测是由海洋表面浮游生物释放的二甲基硫(dimethyl sulfide,DMS)经过大气氧化形成.本研究表明,南半球海洋大气中海盐颗粒老化是由海洋表面释放的DMS控制,这不同于北半球海洋大气中人为源影响的海盐颗粒老化现象.During the 29 thChinese National Antarctic Research Expedition（ CHIANRE）,individual particle samples were collected from South China to Antarctic during November 2012 to April 2013. A transmission electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry（ TEM-EDS） was employed to analyze the morphology,mixing state,composition,and relative abundances of individual aerosol particles. Atmospheric particles were classified into four types： sea salt,mineral,S-rich and C-rich. Sea salt aerosols（ SSA）were dominant in the marine particles from South China to Antarctic,and they were further divided into three sub-types： fresh SSA,partially aged SSA,and fully aged SSA. Partially and fully aged SSA accounted for 86% of total SSA number. Interestingly,surface of partially aged SSA and fully aged SSA contained abundant rod-like Na_2SO_4. Mineral dust particles increased in the coastal areas which were influenced by continental air. In addition,we found that S-rich particles were abundant at two sampling sites（ the middle eastern of Indian Ocean and Antarctic inland）. The back trajectories of air masses indicated that these S-rich particles were mainly formed via the oxidation of dimethyl sulfide（ DMS） emitted from the marine phytoplanktons. Our study suggests that the SSA aging process in the South Hemisphere atmosphere was controlled by the DMS which is different from the SSA aging under the influence of anthropogenic pollutants in the North Hemisphere.

关 键 词：海盐颗粒 单颗粒分析 混合状态 透射电镜 南极 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]