全方位高密度单点接收地震采集技术  

Full-azimuth high-density single-point receiving technology for seismic acquisition

作　　者：翟桐立[1] 张洪军[2] 祝文亮[1] 曹明强[2] 卢刚臣[3] 王仁康[3] 姚建军[1] 蔡爱兵[1] Zhai Tongli Zhang Hongjun Zhu Wenliang Cao Mingqiang Lu Gangchen Wang Renkang Yao Jianjun Cai Aibing(PetroChina Dagang Oil field Company, Tianjin 300280, China Dagang Department, CNPC Geophysical Company Limited, Tianjin 300280, China Dagang Branch of Geophysical Research Institute, CNPC Geophysical Company Limited, Tianjin 300280, China)

机构地区：[1]中国石油大港油田公司,天津300280 [2]中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司大港物探处,天津300280 [3]中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司地球物理研究院大港分院,天津300280

出　　处：《石油学报》2016年第B12期56-63,共8页Acta Petrolei Sinica

基　　金：中国石油天然气股份有限公司科技专项"大港油区大油气田勘探开发关键技术研究(2014E-06-08)"资助

摘　　要：近年来,为满足小断距、低幅度构造和薄互储层勘探对地震成像精度及分辨率的要求,宽方位、高密度地震勘探采集技术得到持续的攻关。宽方位地震资料为不同角度的储层研究提供了可能,缩小面元尺寸、加密空间和时间域的数据采集密度,增加了目的层的有效覆盖次数,在提高资料信噪比的基础上提高地震资料的纵横向分辨率。在对信噪比、分辨率和空间采样等几个关键因素分析的基础上,论述了全方位高密度三维观测系统设计方法。对单点与组合检波器接收的优缺点、综合效果与效率进行了分析:长期以来,为抵抗噪音、提高地震能量和信噪比,地震采集接收技术研究侧重于组内距、组合基距、组合图形的比较。组合接收虽然提高了地震原始资料的信噪比,但造成的地震波失真也较大。而单点接收的地震波动态范围更大、频带范围更宽、地震分辨率也较高,适合高密度、小面元目标勘探的精细成像,并且可以通过高覆盖次数提高信噪比。大港油田于2014—2015年部署了针对致密储层的全方位、高密度单点接收采集试验,观测系统采用了10 m×10 m的面元、横纵比为1.0、炮道密度达到361万道,获得了高密度地震资料满覆盖面积56km^2。通过与常规三维地震资料的对比,展示了全方位高密度单点采集地震资料在薄互储层研究、致密储层各向异性分析等方面的潜力。To fulfill the requirements for seismic data imaging accuracy and resolution of minor fault throw, low amplitude structure and thin inter-bedding reservoirs, the wide-azimuth high-density seismic exploration acquisition technology has been developed constantly in recent years. Wide-azimuth seismic data provide a possibility for studying the multi-azimuth reservoirs. However, the effective coverage times of target layers are increased by reducing the bin size and increasing the data acquisition density in space and time domains. Mean- while, based on increasing the signal-to-noise ratio（SNR）, the vertical and horizontal resolutions of seismic data are improved as well as the accuracy of information. Through analyzing SNR, resolution, spatial sampling and other key factors, this paper presents the full-az- imuth high-density 3D geometry design method, and analyzes the advantages, disadvantages, comprehensive effects and efficiencies of single-point geophone receiving and array receiving. For a long period, in order to resist noise and improve seismic energy and SNR, the research on seismic acquisition receiving technology is always focusing on the intra-group distance, array length, composite graphics and other aspects. Array receiving is an effective way to improve seismic SNR, but also causes great seismic wave distortion. However, the single-point receiving method has large seismic dynamic range, wide frequency scope and high seismic resolution, which is more suitable for the precise imaging of high-density and small-bin-size target reservoirs. In addition, the seismic SNR can be improved by more cover- age times. In Dagang Oilfield, the full-azimuth high-density single-point receiving acquisition experiments were arranged for tight reser- voirs in 2014-2015. The used observation system was designed with a bin size of 10 m × 10 m, vertical and horizontal ratio of 1.0 and shot density of 360 million, so as to obtain the high-accuracy seismic data full-coverage area of 56 km^2. Through comparing with con- ven

关 键 词：全方位 高密度 单点接收 观测系统参数设计 道密度 面元属性分析 覆盖次数 

分 类 号：P631.422[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]