《宋代登科总录》与宋代状元研究  

General Record of Imperial Examination Success in the Song Dynasty and the Survey of Zhuangyuanin the Song Dynasty

作　　者：祖慧[1] 杨竹旺 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学古籍研究所,浙江杭州310028

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2017年第1期35-41,共7页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大滚动资助项目(2012(31)BZS008);全国高等院校古籍整理研究工作委员会规划重点项目

摘　　要：《宋代登科总录》收录了大量宋代状元文献,通过统计分析可以确定,除118位文科状元外,宋代还诞生了72位武科状元、12位贡士及第状元。宋代文状元有近八成来自于低层官员与平民家庭,与唐代形成极大反差,折射出科举考试对整个社会政治的深刻影响。宋代武科状元仕途不显,而文科状元中近六成曾在政府机构中担任宰执与侍从官等重要职务,这既是国家"右文"政策导向的结果,也验证了科举取士在人才流动方面的推动作用。Among more than ten hundred thousands of Jinshi degree holders in the Song Dynasty,the Zhuangyuan （Number One Scholar） were of a small group but with huge influences. As the biggest beneficiaries of the imperial examination system, their backgrounds as well as their officialdom experiences could reflect the changes of the imperial examination system in the Song Dynasty and politics of the time. The General Record of Imperial Ea：amination Success in the Song Dynasty （Hereinafter as General Record） is a collection of a huge amount of historical data of the Zhuangyuan, providing a strong support for further -nore intensive researches on Zhuangyuan. It could be concluded that there were 118 Zhuangyuan in the Song Dynasty. Although there is no consensus in the academia of whether the Gongshi （the final test on military art practicers） held during the Reign of Huizong should be considered as an imperial examination, nor of the nurribers of military examinations that had been held in the Song Dynasty. based on the data in the General Record, it is clear that a total of 72 military examinations were held, from which 72 military Zhuangyuan were selected- 12 Gongshi were held during the Reign of Huizong on which the examinees rigorously were selected from various schools across the country. The qualified candidates in the finals were granted ＂Shangshe Jidi＂ or ＂Shangshe Chushen＂ （the conferring titles in the Song supreme colleges）. Gongshi was a new attempt of the government to combine the imperial civil examination system with school education. The top ones in Gongshi enjoyed similar treatment with the Zhuangyuan, and hence were called Shihe Zhuangyuan. In light of this, the 12 top ones could also be grouped as Zhuangyuan. Based on the analysis of the 118 Zhuangyuan＇s family backgrounds, it is found that 50 Zhuangyuan had official family backgrounds, 70% of whom were from lower-ranking official families; 17 from poor families; and the other 51＇s backgrounds were not known either because thei

关 键 词：《宋代登科总录》 状元 家世 仕途 

分 类 号：K244[历史地理—历史学]