从地方到中央:我国行政程序立法的现实与未来  

A Preliminary Study on Local Administrative Procedural Legislation in China

作　　者：章剑生[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学法学院

出　　处：《行政法学研究》2017年第2期54-76,共23页ADMINISTRATIVE LAW REVIEW

摘　　要：中国行政程序地方立法始于2008年《湖南省行政程序规定》。这部地方政府规章提供了"总则——行为主体——行为程序——行为责任"行政程序立法框架体系,对它之后的其他八部行政程序地方立法产生了重大影响。作为地方政府规章位价上的"行政程序规定"存在着法效力位价低、法院参照率低以及行政机关适用率低的"三低"状况。要解决这"三低"问题,需要从革新行政体制中内外两个关系、确立"问题——立法"的逻辑框架和法院有条件优先适用等三个面向上使劲。基于行政程序地方立法的状况与经验,在未来行政程序中央立法的决策中,通则性的"行政法典"、原则性的立法技术和组合性的立法模式都应当是优先考虑的选项。The local administrative procedural legislation in China began with Administrative Procedure Rules of Hunan Province （2008）, which is deemed as a local rule promulgated by local government. It established an administrative procedural legislation system, including ＂general provisions, administrative agencies, administrative procedures, and responsibilities＂. It also has a major impact on the other subsequent local administrative procedure rules. As rules made by local governments, administrative procedure rules have a low rank in law hierarchy. Meanwhile, few courts and administrative agencies apply administrative procedure rules into practice. In order to tackle the problems mentioned, the following three measures should be taken. Firstly, it is necessary to reform not only the relations between administrative agencies and citizens, judicial personnel and organizations, but also relations within administrative agencies. Secondly, it is necessary to establish a logical framework that a particular legal issues lead to particular legislation. Thirdly, courts should prioritize the application of administrative procedure rules under certain circumstances. According to the current situation and experience of local administrative procedural legislation, it is important to have a general administrative procedure law, adopt legislative techniques with principles and have an integrated legislative model in national administrative procedural legislation in the future.

关 键 词：行政程序 行政程序立法 地方立法 地方政府规章 

分 类 号：D922.1[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]