明清两湖水域产权形态的变迁  

The Changes of the Water Property of Hubei and Hunan Provinces in the Ming and Qing Dynasties

作　　者：徐斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉大学历史学院

出　　处：《中国经济史研究》2017年第2期24-34,共11页Researches in Chinese Economic History

基　　金：香港特别行政区大学教育资助委员会卓越学科领域计划(第五轮)"中国社会的历史人类学"(批准号:AoE/H-01/08);国家社会科学基金一般项目"明清湖北河湖水域上的制度与社会研究"(批准号:16BZS026)阶段性成果之一

摘　　要：元末明初,两湖地区的水域因河泊所的设置而确立了渔户的捕捞权,随着明中期之后垸田修筑活动的逐渐兴盛,促进了人们占有水域的意识,并在水域上衍生出灌溉权、湖草收益权等新的权益形态。日后更由于商品经济的发展,水面上的通行权、摆渡权,以及因莲藕、菱芡、芦苇等经济作物种植而出现的湖地所有权等权益形态得以产生并不断明晰。两湖地区的例子说明:水域上产权的获得是国家赋役制度运行的结果,必须在制度史背景下考虑产权形成过程中的国家因素,才能更为准确地把握中国的产权问题;导致该地区水域产权变化的因素,既有其自身的历史发展驱动,也有来自长江下游等其他地区的影响,这是长江流域日益整合的表现和结果。The fishermen of Hubei and Hunan Provinces got the fishing rights of the water area in the Early Ming Dynasty for the establishment of Fishing Tax Offices. After the Mid Ming Dynasty, because of the reclamation land from lakes, the people＇s ownership of the water areas became more clearly, the irrigation rights and the profit of waterweed gradually became new forms of the water property. As well as the development of the commodity economy, the shipping rights became clearly. Because of the planting of lotus root and reed, the separation of the property between lake land and lake water was appeared. The phenomenon illustrated that the acquisition of the property was the result of national taxation system, and the factors contributing to the changes of water property in Hubei and Hunan were the influence from the lower reaches of Yangtze River.

关 键 词：明清 水权 两湖 

分 类 号：F426.91[经济管理—产业经济] TV213.4[水利工程—水文学及水资源]