5083铝合金厚板超窄间隙激光填丝焊成形缺陷研究  

Ultra-Narrow Gap Laser Wire Filling Welding Forming Defects of 5083 Aluminum Alloy Thick Plate

作　　者：谢余发生 黄坚[1,2] 王伟[1,2] 王欢 华学明 

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学材料科学与工程学院上海市激光制造与材料改性重点实验室,上海200240 [2]高新船舶与深海开发装备协同创新中心,上海200240 [3]沪东中华造船(集团)有限公司,上海200129

出　　处：《中国激光》2017年第3期106-112,共7页Chinese Journal of Lasers

基　　金：工业与信息化部高技术船舶科研计划

摘　　要：针对5083铝合金厚板激光焊接中易出现的未熔合倾向和气孔缺陷问题,利用光纤激光对厚度为20mm的5083铝合金进行了超窄间隙填丝焊接试验。分析了激光功率、焊接速度和送丝速度对未熔合倾向和气孔缺陷的影响。结果表明,增加激光功率、减小焊接速度或送丝速度将会减小未熔合倾向;气孔缺陷将随激光功率和焊接速度的减小而减小,随送丝速度的增加先减小后增大。采用优化的工艺参数,即光丝间距为+1 mm、焊接速度为0.42m/min、激光功率为3.8kW、送丝速度为3.5m/min、离焦量为+20mm,实现了深度为17mm的超窄间隙坡口的5083铝合金激光填丝焊接,焊缝无未熔合缺陷,气孔率减小至0.25%。To solve the problems of poor fusion tendency and pore defect occurred during the process of laser welding of 5083 aluminum alloy thick plate, a fiber laser is used in the ultra-narrow gap wire filling welding test for 5083 aluminum alloy with the thick of 20 mm. The effects of laser power, welding speed and wire feed rate on poor fusion tendency and pore defect are analyzed. The results show that increasing laser power, decreasing welding speed and decreasing wire feed rate are beneficial to reducing poor fusion tendency. Pore defects can be reduced when we reduce laser power or welding speed, and decrease first and then increase while the wire feed rate is increasing continually. The laser wire filling welding for 5083 aluminum alloy with ultra-narrow gap groove （the depth is 17 mm） is achieved with optimal parameters, i.e. , distance between laser and filler wire of ＋1 mm, welding speed of 0.42 m/min, laser power of 3.8 kW, wire feed rate of 3.5 m/min and defocus distance of ＋20 mm. The poor fusion is eliminated and the porosity is reduced to 0.25 %.

关 键 词：激光技术 5083铝合金厚板 超窄间隙 激光填丝焊接 成形缺陷 

分 类 号：TG456.7[金属学及工艺—焊接]