微生物肥料对青梗花椰菜生长和土壤微生物特性的影响  

Effects of microbial fertilizer on broccoli growth and soil microbial characteristics

作　　者：蒋永梅[1,2] 姚拓[1,2] 田永亮 李建宏[1,2] 刘婷 高亚敏[1,2] 张建贵 张标 Jiang Yong-mei Yao Tuo Tian Yong-liang Li Jian-hong Liu Ting Gao Ya-min Zhang Jian-gui Zhang Biao(Pratacultural College, Gansu Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem Sino-U.S. Centers for Grazingland Ecosystem Sustainability, Lanzhou 730070, Chin)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学草业学院,草业生态系统教育部重点实验室 [2]中-美草地畜牧业可持续发展研究中心,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《草业科学》2017年第3期465-471,共7页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：国家自然基金(31360584);甘肃省IFAD.GEF旱地生态保护与恢复项目(GEF-09-CN)

摘　　要：以微生物肥料不同施用方式[A(不施肥,CK);B(施微生物肥料);C(70%化肥+微生物肥料);D(100%化肥)]进行田间试验,研究其对青梗花椰菜(Brassica oleracea)生物指标和土壤微生物学指标的影响,为寻找合理的施肥方案提供理论依据。结果表明,与CK相比,处理B、C、D可不同程度地提高青梗花椰菜株高、茎粗、叶片数等生物指标和土壤微生物学指标。不同处理下土壤微生物数量、微生物生物量均随土层的加深而降低。不同施肥处理下微生物数量表现为细菌>放线菌>真菌。其中,处理C效果最佳,与处理D相比,青梗花椰菜株高、茎粗、叶片数、地上鲜重、地上干重、地下鲜重、地下干重、细菌数量、放线菌数量、微生物总数、土壤微生物生物量碳、土壤微生物生物量氮和土壤微生物生物量磷分别增加了6.82%、11.53%、11.76%、9.68%、33.33%、62.5%、33.33%、34.04%~37.61%、8.42%~15.87%、32.53%~33.86%、13.56%~18.6%、3.99%、12.81%~17.99%,真菌数量减少了26.23%~32.89%。不同施肥处理下土壤微生物生物量与微生物数量存在一定程度的正相关关系。因此,70%化肥+微生物肥料对青梗花椰菜生长具有良好的促进效果。The effects of a microbial fertilizer on broccoli（Brassica oleracea）biological indicators and soil microbial biomass were tested in field experiments under different treatments（control,microbial fertilizer,70%chemical fertilizer＋ microbial fertilizer,100%chemical fertilizer）.Biological indicators and soil microbial biomass increased in all fertilizer treatments compared to the control.The numbers of soil bacteria,fungi,and actinomycetes decreased with soil depth with fertilizer treatments.The numbers of microbes showed a tendency of bacteria〉 actinomycetes〉 fungi with fertilizer treatments.The effects of the 70% chemical fertilizer ＋microbial fertilizer were the greatest among fertilizer treatments.Plant height,stem diameter,number of leaves,aboveground fresh weight,aboveground dry weight,underground fresh weight,underground fresh dry weight,bacteria population,actinomycete population,total microbial population,soil microbial biomass carbon,soil microbial biomass nitrogen,and soil microbial biomass phosphorus increased by 6.82%,11.53%,11.76%,9.68%,33.33%,62.5%,33.33%,34.04%~37.61%,8.42%~15.87%,32.53%~3.86%,13.56%~18.6%,3.99% and 12.81%~17.99%,respectively.The numbers of fungi decreased 26.23%~32.89%.Correlation analysis showed that there were significant positive correlations among soil microbial biomass and the number of soil microorganisms.70% chemical fertilizer＋ microbial fertilizer promoted broccoli growth.

关 键 词：微生物肥料 青梗花椰菜 生长 土壤微生物 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]