粮草兼顾型畜牧业饲草料发展现状及展望  

Development and prospects of‘grain-forage supply' in modern animal husbandry

作　　者：赵云[1,2] 谢开云[3] 万江春[3] 张英俊[1] Zhao Yun Xie Kai-yun Wan Jiang-chun Zhang Ying-jun(College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China China Animal Husbandry Group （CAHG） ,Beijing 100070, China College of Grassland and EnvironmentSeiences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学动物科学技术学院,北京100193 [2]中国牧工商(集团)总公司,北京100070 [3]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《草业科学》2017年第3期653-660,共8页Pratacultural Science

基　　金：牧草产业技术体系项目(CARS-35)

摘　　要：随着我国人口数量的持续增长,居民生活水平不断提高,粮食需求随之剧增,肉、蛋、奶等畜禽产品的消费也不断增长,人们对畜产品的需求决定着农业发展的方向。本文介绍了我国粮草兼顾型畜牧业发展的主要背景,简述了传统畜牧业和粮草兼顾型畜牧业对饲草料需求的异同,并分析了新形势下我国畜牧业发展的方向:1)针对我国居民膳食结构改变对农业结构发展模式的影响,提出现阶段发展草地农业,进行广泛的系统耦合是促进农业可持续发展的技术保障,是我国农业结构调整的必然之路;2)结合我国现阶段畜牧业发展现状,指出将牧草或其他饲料作物的生产利用纳入到农业生产体系当中,通过粮―草―畜有机结合,建立起土地―植物―动物产品完整的产业链条来满足消费者食物需求;3)建议通过增加优质牧草日粮比例、发展草食家畜、建设信息自动化等具体措施,来促进、引领和保证粮草兼顾型畜牧业的可持续发展。With the increase in China＇s population and improvements in its residents＇ living standards,the consumption of meat,eggs,and milk products continues to grow.This paper reviews the effects of changes in the dietary structure of people on the development of agricultural systems.The demand for livestock products has been directly transferred into demand for development of‘grain-forage supply＇in modern animal husbandry.Consequently,grassland farming should be implemented because combining this with current systems is guaranteed to promote sustainable development of the agricultural economy.However,there are many problems associated with the process of transferring‘cultivated agriculture＇into‘grain-forage supply＇.We suggest that increasing the proportion of high-quality forage is a basic approach to obtain a solution to these problems,and a grazing livestock system is the basis of development of a grassland animal industry.Moreover,building a system of animal husbandry information is important to the direction and guarantee of China＇s sustainable agricultural development in the future.It is an important part of agricultural production that grass or forage crops are coupled with other crop production systems.Furthermore,a comprehensive soil-plant-animal product industrial chain should be established to meet the demand of people for livestock products and to promote‘grain-forage supply＇development.

关 键 词：粮食安全 草地农业 畜牧业 粮草兼顾 传统畜牧业 

分 类 号：F326.3[经济管理—产业经济]