汉语动补式和连动式的库藏裂变  

Split Between Verb-complement Constructions and Serial Verb Constructions in Chinese Syntactic Inventory

作　　者：刘丹青[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院语言研究所,100732

出　　处：《语言教学与研究》2017年第2期1-16,共16页Language Teaching and Linguistic Studies

摘　　要：针对形式语言学忽视连动式的独立句法地位、将连动式视为主从或动补等结构,及某些类型学文献在连动式中包含动结式和动趋式材料的情况,本文从库藏类型学的库藏裂变观念出发,通过多个方面的句法和韵律事实的展示,论证了现代汉语动结式和动趋式虽然语源上来自连动式,但是在共时层面已裂变为无关的句法构式,由不同的句法规则生成,受不同的句法条件制约,它们在母语人的句法(构式)库藏中已经分置于不同的仓位,无法再归入同一大类的构式。涉及的测试角度有论元共享、增容扩展能力、体貌标记、可能式转换、方言补语标记、韵律特征等。According to the formalists＇view, serial verb constructions （SVCs） are mere- ly subordinate or verb-complement constructions without independent syntactic status, whereas some typologists believe that SVCs should at least incorporate verb-resultative （VR） and verb-directional （VD） constructions. Differently, in the light of ＂split in inventory＂ from the theory of Linguistic Inventory Typology （LIT）, and by means of a series of syntactic and prosodic testings, the paper argues that, though the VR and VD constructions in contemporary Chinese were derived from the SVCs, they have now split from the latter and evolved into some unrelated syntactic constructions. In fact, they are subject to different syntactic rules and syntactical constraints and should be viewed as being separately placed in the native Chinese speakers＇ syntactic inventory, without sharing the same inventorial posi tion with the SVCs. The testings used in this paper involve such parameters as ＂argument sharing＂, ＂syntactical expansion＂, ＂aspect marking＂, ＂transformation into potential-com- plement constructions＂, ＂usage of dialectal subordinators＂ and ＂prosodic features＂.

关 键 词：库藏裂变 连动式 动补式 动结式 动趋式 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]