缓倾斜薄——中厚矿床浅孔落矿对围岩爆破损伤的数值模拟研究  

Numerical Simulation Study of Blasting Damage caused by Short Hole Mining in Gently Inclined Thin-medium Thick Ore Deposit

作　　者：李江华[1] 叶义成[1] 姚囝[1] 罗斌玉 岳哲[1] 王龙[1] 

机构地区：[1]武汉科技大学资源与环境工程学院,武汉430081

出　　处：《爆破》2017年第1期85-93,共9页Blasting

基　　金：湖北省科技支撑计划(2014BCB033)

摘　　要：浅孔落矿爆破损伤直接影响到回采的损失贫化率和采场安全。采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA三维非线性动力有限元软件,研究矿山回采浅孔爆破落矿时炮眼沿矿体走向和垂直矿体走向布置的2种爆破方案。模拟研究浅孔落矿不同时刻围岩的有效应力云图和矿柱、顶板不同位置监测点的有效应力时程曲线,并引入爆破荷载下岩石Von Mises屈服准则,分析了顶板、矿柱的损伤范围和破坏范围。研究结果表明:在控制装药量和炮孔数量一定的情况下,当炮孔沿矿体走向方向布置时,爆炸动荷载对矿柱的损伤范围在距离矿房侧帮>5 m,爆炸动荷载对矿柱的破坏范围在距离矿房侧帮2~3 m。当炮孔垂直矿体走向方向布置时,爆炸动荷载对矿柱的损伤范围在距离矿房侧帮4~5 m,爆炸动荷载不会对矿柱产生破坏作用;两种爆破方式对顶板的损伤范围在1~1.5 m,对顶板不会产生破坏作用。爆破数值模拟能在时间和空间上反映爆炸应力特征,为寻求最优的爆破施工方案提供了可靠的依据。The blasting damage by short hole mining directly influences the mining loss and dilution rate and stope safety. The 3D nonlinear dynamic finite element software ANSYS/LS-DYNA is employed to investigate the blasting scheme with short hole when the hole direction arrangement is along the direction of ore body and vertical to ore body. The rock stress nephogram and the effective stress time history curves of different monitoring points of the pillar and the roof are studied. Meanwhile,the damage scope and destruction scope of the pillar and the roof is discussed through introducing the rock Von Mises yield criterion. The results show that,under certain conditions of controlling the charge amount and blasting hole number,when the hole＇s arrangement direction is along the direction of ore body,the rock damage scope of the pillar propagates more than 5 meters and the destruction scope ranges from 2to 3 meters; When the hole＇s arrangement direction is vertical to the direction of ore body,the rock damage scope of the pillar ranges from 4 to 5 meters and causes no destruction. In these two blasting schemes,the rock damage scope of the roof ranges from 1 to 1. 5 meters and causes no damage,which provides a reliable basis for optimizing blasting scheme for mining.

关 键 词：薄—中厚矿床 爆破损伤 浅孔爆破 数值模拟 

分 类 号：TD235.32[矿业工程—矿井建设]