水稻籽粒连接力分布频谱分析及联合收割机差速脱粒装置研究  

Study on distribution spectrum of grain connection force and differential-speed threshing device for combine harvester

作　　者：王志明[1,2] 吕彭民[1] 陈霓[2] 马广[2] 

机构地区：[1]长安大学道路施工技术与装备教育部重点实验室,西安710064 [2]金华职业技术学院机电工程学院,浙江金华321017

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2017年第1期120-127,共8页Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51305182);浙江省自然科学基金(Y1110647);浙江省公益性技术应用研究项目(2017C32097)

摘　　要：脱粒是水稻联合收获过程中一个至关重要的环节,而籽粒与粒柄之间的连接力是衡量脱粒难易程度的重要因素。传统脱粒装置在收获高产水稻时存在脱粒不尽、脱粒能力不足等问题,故有必要通过结构创新提升脱粒装置工作性能。本文对甬优12号、甬优9号、嘉优2号和甬优11号4个超级稻水稻品种,进行了籽粒与粒柄间连接力的测定,并绘制了籽粒连接力分布频谱图,计算了4个水稻品种的脱粒系数,建立并验证了籽粒平均连接力与脱粒滚筒齿顶线速度和转速之间的数学关系模型。针对半喂入联合收获机和全喂入联合收获机2种机型,分别研制了弓齿式差速脱粒滚筒和杆齿式差速脱粒滚筒,并进行了差速脱粒与单速脱粒比对试验,结果表明:差速脱粒装置利用低速段脱粒降低了籽粒和茎秆的破碎,利用高速段脱粒降低了脱不净损失,其籽粒破碎率、脱出物中含杂率以及脱不净和夹带损失率等性能指标得到有效改善。本研究为联合收获机脱粒装置优化提供了理论依据和实践参考。As the main index of the physical and mechanical properties of rice, connection force between grain and grain handle is an important factor to determine the degree of difficulty of threshing. Previous research showed that there was a close relationship between rice grain connectivity and threshing performance, but mathematical models of the relationship between the average connection force of grain with the top gear line speed and the rotational speed of the threshing cylinder had not been reported. Threshing is an essential and very important working procedure of rice combine harvest. The traditional threshing device has shortage in threshing capacity when harvest high yield rice, thus new type threshing device need to be developed to solve the problem. Tests of connection forces between grain and petiole of four kinds of high yield rice including hybrid rice Yongyou 12, hybrid rice Yongyou 9, japonica rice Jiayou 2 and glutinous Yongyou 11 have been done. The distribution spectrum of grain connection force was drawn. The results showed that the connection force in different positions on rice spike varied widely with variant coefficient in the range of 37.1%- 77.7 %. The distribution of grain connection force of hybrid rice Yongyou 9 was wide but the average value was intensive. It is beneficial for selection of cylinder speed. Based on the calculation of the threshing coefficients of four kinds of high yield rice, mathematical models of the relationship between the average connection force of grain with the top gear line speed and the rotational speed of the threshing cylinder were established and validated, which provided the theoretical basis for the differential-speed threshing technology. The results showed that the top gear line speed and the rotational speed of bow tooth differential-speed threshing cylinder should be selected between 9.91 m/s to 17.86 m/s and 400 - 720 r/min, respectively, the top gear line speed and the rotational speed of rod tooth differential-speed threshing cylinder should be sel

关 键 词：籽粒连接力 分布频谱 数学模型 差速脱粒装置 

分 类 号：S225.31[农业科学—农业机械化工程]