公开与不公开之间:我国公众环境知情权和政府环境信息管理权的冲突与平衡  

Between Disclosure and Nondisclosure: Conflicts and Balance Between the Right to Environmental Information and Government Authority to Manage the Environmental Information

作　　者：严厚福[1] YAN Hou-fu(Law School, Belting Normal University, Beijing 100875, China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学法学院,北京100875

出　　处：《上海大学学报（社会科学版）》2017年第2期99-109,共11页Journal of Shanghai University(Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：当前,中国政府在环境信息公开这一问题上取得了一定的进展,但总体上仍处于较低的水平。主要体现在政府部门经常以"国家秘密"为由不公开环境信息,以及对公众申请环境信息公开严格进行"生产、生活、科研需要"的审查。在完善我国公众环境知情权时,应当考虑到社会稳定的需求以及政府环境信息公开的能力。从切实可行的角度来看,为了平衡政府对环境信息的管理权、政府公开环境信息的能力和公众环境知情权之间的关系,应当在政府信息公开的法律法规中明确规定"依法应当主动公开的政府环境信息不得被确定为国家机密";考虑参考目前环境公益诉讼的做法,规定符合法定条件的社会组织可以无需理由申请政府公开环境信息;鼓励"民间环境信息公开",并大力提升公众的环境科学素养。The Chinese government has made significant progress in disclosing environmental information. However, there＇ s still much more space for improvements. For example, the government agencies often refuse to disclose environmental information under the excuse of ＂state secrets＂ ; or they tend to conduct stringent censor based on ＂special needs for production, living or scientific research＂ upon public＇ s requests to disclose environmental information. To improve the public right to access environmental information, we should take into consideration both social stability and government capacity to disclose environmental information. In term of practicality, in order to balance the relationship between government authority to manage the environmental information, government capacity to disclose environmental information, and public right to access environmental information, we recommend ： 1 ） to make amendments to the government information disclosure laws and regula tions to require that ＂the government environmental information that should be disclosed voluntarily without requests should not be classified as ＂state secrets＂ ; 2 ） to consider stipulating that social entities meeting required legal criteria can apply for disclosing environmental information with no reason （consulting the practice in environmental public interest litigation） ; and 3 ） to encourage ＂disclosure of nongovernmental environmental information＂ and promote public education on environmental sciences.

关 键 词：环境知情权 环境信息 环境信息管理 政府环境信息公开 民间环境信息公开 

分 类 号：DF46[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]