多参数耦合条件下人群疏散路径优化模型  

Multi-parameter coupling optimization model for evacuation path

作　　者：袁丹灿 傅智敏[1] 毛占利[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民武装警察部队学院,河北廊坊065000

出　　处：《消防科学与技术》2017年第2期185-189,共5页Fire Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目"建筑火灾人员疏散中的不确定性问题及模型研究"(51508571)

摘　　要：针对火灾条件下疏散路径优化问题,通过整合经验公式、动态调整网络结构的方式综合考虑人群密度参数、通行容量参数和火灾烟气消光系数参数,建立了基于网络流理论,以最短疏散时间为目标函数,单源点、多出口疏散条件下多参数耦合的人群疏散路径优化模型,并根据最短路问题的求解方式,提出了基于Dijkstra算法的多参数耦合动态约束路径择优的算法,给出了求解步骤。通过计算实例,求解最优疏散路径组,以及每一条路径的疏散时间和疏散人数,验证模型的合理性和算法的可行性,探讨了疏散网络动态变化过程中的疏散网络节点的相对重要性问题。A multi-parameter coupling optimization model was put forward based on network flow theory to solve the optimiza- tion problem of evacuation in building fire scenario, in which there were single source and several exits. Three parameters of the occupant density, route capacity and the extinction coeffi- cient of smoke, were. integrated in multi-parameter coupling op- timization model by the methods of integrating experiential for- mulas and changing the network structure dynamically＇. Refer- ring to the shortest-way problem, an algorithm improved on Di- jkstra with its procedures to conduct was proposed. By a given example, the optimal evacuation path group and the egress time as well as the number of escaping people of each path were cal- culated. The rationality of model and the feasibility of the algo- rithm were illustrated and the relative importance problem of nodes in the changing process of the network structure was discussed.

关 键 词：多参数耦合 人群疏散 路径优化 最优疏散路径组 

分 类 号：X913.4[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TU972.4[建筑科学—建筑设计及理论]