防护林杨树天牛灾害的生态调控理论与技术  

Theories and technologies of ecologically regulating poplar longhorned beetle disaster in shelter forest.

作　　者：骆有庆[1] 刘荣光 许志春[1] 孙长春 温俊宝[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学资源与环境学院 [2]宁夏回族自治区林业局

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2002年第5期160-164,共5页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金："九五"国家科技攻关项目"防护林杨树天牛持续控制技术研究" ;"八五"国家科技攻关应急计划"宁夏青铜峡杨树天牛综合防治技术研究示范区";中日合作项目"宁夏森林保护研究计划"的主要研究成果

摘　　要：在明确“三北”地区防护林杨树天牛灾害的主要成因 (林分树种组成过于单一 ,且多为易感天牛树种 ,抗御天牛灾害功能低下 )的基础上 ,从控制天牛灾害的角度 ,根据其树种配置结构 ,将各地的防护林网划分为 3类 ,即一代林网、二代林网和加强型二代林网 .指出构建加强型二代林网这种生态调控技术 ,是持续控制杨树天牛灾害的根本措施 .在多树种合理配置抗御杨树天牛灾害理论 (以生态系统稳定性、风险分散理论和抗性相对论为基础 )指导下 ,提出加强型二代林网配置中的树种类群应包括非寄主树种、抗性树种和诱饵树 3类 ,界定了 3类树种相应的特点和功能 ,提出了较为合理的多树种配置原则和技术 ,以及简便有效的诱饵树管理技术 .最后 ,以防护林 (特别是农田防护林 )的经营管理由静态转变为动态为前提 。The key reason that poplar longhorned beetle(PLB) disasters are so heavy in the “Three North (Northeast, North, Northwest China)” area is that the tree species are over single and irrational set in artificial forest ecosystem. Biodiversity causing stability of ecosystem, risk dispersing mechanism and relative resistance principle are three foundations for rationally setting different tree species against pest disasters in artificial forest. According to setting structure, the existing shelter forest could be divided into three types from the point of view of PLB control. Unitary tree species sensitive to PLB mainly including poplar and willow were set in the first type of shelter forest. The second one composed of many tree species including non hosts and resistant trees. Three kinds of trees, non host trees, resistant trees and luring trees, were included in the third type. The use of non host trees could change unitary tree species structure and raise complexity of trees in shelter forest and strengthen stability of forest ecosystem. Resistant trees grow rapidly and are highly resistant to PLB, especially some poplar and willow trees. As the main tree species in present shelter forest, resistant trees mainly play ecological protection effect. Luring trees are most sensitive to PLB. PLB was attracted from resistant trees and killed collectively in luring trees. A rational model of different tree species setting was put forward, the proportion of non host tree against resistant trees against luring trees were 5%～50%∶45%～50%∶5%～10%. Effective management of luring trees may be the key technologies, its aim is to kill the beetles in time that attracted by luring trees and make luring trees grow normally and sustainable exerting luring effect. Finally, if we change administration of cropland shelter forest from static way to dynamic way, self control of poplar longhorned beetle disaster is possible, some new ways are given.

关 键 词：防护林 杨树 天牛灾害 生态调控理论 

分 类 号：S753.38[农业科学—森林经理学] S763.721.1[农业科学—林学]