珠三角某市2015年出厂水中化学污染物健康风险评价  

Health risk assessment of chemical pollutants in finished water in a city of the Pearl River Delta,2015

作　　者：邓春拓 何伦发[1] 郭艳[1] 黄隽[1] 梁锡念[1] 吴惠刚[1] 

机构地区：[1]中山市疾病预防控制中心,广东中山528403

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2017年第4期425-428,共4页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：中山市科技计划项目(2015B1015)

摘　　要：目的初步评估珠三角某市出厂水中化学污染物对人体健康产生的潜在风险。方法于2015年1-12月,每个季度对珠三角某市24个市政水厂的出厂水中5种基因毒物质(砷、六价铬、镉、三氯甲烷和四氯化碳)和12种躯体毒物质(铅、汞、硒、氰化物、氟化物、硝酸盐、铁、氨氮、锰、铜、锌和挥发酚)进行检测,采用美国国家环境保护局(US EPA)推荐的健康风险评价模型对上述17种化学污染物通过饮水途径所引起的健康风险做出初步评价。结果珠三角某市出厂水中17种化学污染物所引起的总健康风险为3.61×10^(-5)/a,致癌总风险为3.61×10^(-5)/a,非致癌总风险为155.02×10^(-11)/a。在致癌总风险和非致癌总风险中,枯水期均高于丰水期,普通滤池水厂均高于V型滤池水厂。个人致癌风险由高至低分别为六价铬>砷>三氯甲烷>镉>四氯化碳,个人非致癌风险由高至低分别为氟化物>硝酸盐>铅>汞>硒>氨氮>铜>铁>氰化物>锰>锌>挥发酚。结论珠三角某市出厂水中17种化学污染物对人体健康产生的个人健康风险水平均在国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)规定的最大可接受风险水平(5.0×10^(-5)/a)范围内。Objective To preliminarily evaluate the potential health risk of chemical pollutants in finished water in a city of the Pearl River Delta. Methods The concentrations of 5 genetic toxic substances （ including As, Cr^6＋, Cd , CHCl3 and CCl4 ） and 12 non-carcinogenic substances （ Pb, Hg, Se, CN^-1 , F^-, NO^3-, Fe, NH3-N , Mn, Cu, Zn and volatile phenol ） in finished water from 24 centralized water supply systems in a city of the Pearl River Delta were determined in each quarter from January to December, 2015. The health risk of exposure to the above-mentioned 17 chemical pollutants through oral route was assessed according to the models recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency （ US EPA）. Results The total health risk caused by the 17 chemical pollutants in the finished water in the city was 3.61×10^-5/a. The total carcinogenic risk was 3.61×10^-5/a, and the total non-carcinogenic risk was 155.02×10^-11/a. Both risk was higher in the dry period than in the rainy period, and the risk of the centralized water supply systems with conventional rapid filter were higher than that of the systems with Ⅴ-filter. The carcinogenic risk caused by each genetic toxic substance was in the order of Cr^6＋ 〉As〉CHCl3〉Cd〉CC14. The non-carcinogenic risk caused by each non-carcinogenic substance was in the order of F-〉NO^3- 〉Pb〉Hg〉Se〉NH3-N〉Cu〉Fe〉CN^-1 〉Mn〉Zn〉volatile phenol. Conclusions The health risk caused by the 17 chemical pollutants in the finished water in a city of the Pearl River Delta in 2015 is below the maximal acceptable risk value （5.0×10^-5/a）recommended by International Commission on Radiologieal Protection.

关 键 词：出厂水 化学污染物 健康风险评价 基因毒物质 躯体毒物质 

分 类 号：R123.1[医药卫生—环境卫生学]