绝经期女性骨密度调查及相关因素分析  

Investigation on bone mineral density among menopause women and its influencing factors

作　　者：翁改志[1] 路军梅[1] 孙朝阳[1] 闫涵[2] 

机构地区：[1]西安交通大学医院预防保健科,西安710049 [2]西安交通大学生命学院生物系,西安710049

出　　处：《重庆医科大学学报》2017年第2期153-157,共5页Journal of Chongqing Medical University

摘　　要：目的:掌握40~60岁女性骨密度(bone mineral density,BMD)的变化及影响因素,为妇女保健工作提供依据。方法:系统随机抽取西安某社区334例40~60岁女性作为研究对象,采用问卷调查基本情况、饮食和运动习惯,双能X线BMD检测仪检测腰椎BMD,并测量心率、身高、体质量、腰围、臀围、前臂长。计量资料2组比较采用t检验,多组比较采用单因素方差分析,多组间两两比较采用LSD-t法,相关性采用Pearson分析,BMD影响因素采用多元线性回归方法。结果:腰椎BMD为(0.933±0.150)g/cm2,骨质疏松症(osteoporosis,OP)发生率为17.1%,骨量减少发生率为27.8%。年龄越大BMD越低,组间有统计学差异(P<0.05)。围绝经期BMD高于绝经后,有统计学差异(P<0.05)。体质指数(body mass index,BMI)越大BMD越大,组间有统计学差异(P<0.05)。摄入大豆或豆制品多量组BMD高于少量组(P<0.05),摄入牛奶、鸡蛋、瘦肉、海产品的BMD在多量组和少量组间无统计学差异(P>0.05),习惯饮咖啡、饮茶少量组BMD高于多量组(P<0.05)。坚持运动2年以上较1年内的BMD明显增高(P<0.05),每天、每周4~6次组较不运动或偶尔运动组BMD明显增高(P<0.05)。BMD与体质量、身高、BMI、腰围、臀围、前臂长呈正相关(r=0.545、0.361、0.332、0.416、0.451、0.312,P值均小于0.05),与年龄、初潮年龄呈负相关(r=-0.413、-0.352,P值均小于0.05),与心率不相关(r=0.16,P>0.05)。多元线性回归结果显示BMD的影响因素有年龄、初潮年龄、绝经、身高、体质量、BMI、前臂长、臀围、腰围、大豆或豆制品、饮茶、咖啡、运动频率和运动时间(β=-1.206、-1.461、0.643、2.125、1.352、0.618、0.252、0.625、0.425、0.552、-2.105、-1.981、0.708、0.537,P值均小于0.05)。结论:绝经期妇女OP发生率为17.1%,骨量减少发生率为27.8%。BMD的影响因素有年龄、BMI、初潮年龄和绝经、饮食及运动习惯。增龄、绝经、初潮年龄晚、习惯饮咖啡、�Objective：To master the changes of bone mineral density（BMD）and its influencing factors among 40 to 60 years old women,and to provide the references for women＇s health care work. Methods：System randomly selected 334 cases of 40 to 60 years old women in a community of Xi＇an as the research object. Basic situation,diet and exercise habits were investigated by questionnaire.Lumbar BMD were detected by dual energy X-ray BMD detector,and the heart rate,height,weight,waist circumference,hip circumference,forearm length were measured. Measurement data of two groups were compared using t test,variance analysis,LSD-t method,Pearson analysis,multiple linear regression method. Results：Lumbar BMD was（0.933±0.150）g/cm2,the osteoporosis incidence（OP）was 17.1% and the osteopenia incidence was 27.8 %. The lower the age,the lower the BMD;there were significant differences between the groups（P〈0.05）. BMD in peri-menopausal period was significantly higher than that in postmenopausal women（P〈0.05）. The higher the BMD,the higher the BMI;there were significant differences between the groups（P〈0.05）. There was no difference in BMD between higher intake of soy products,milk,eggs,lean meat,seafood group and lower intake group（P〈0.05）;BMD was higher in lower intake of coffee and tea group than in higher intake group（P〈0.05）. BMD was higher in those adhering to exercise more than 2 years than those adhering to exercise only 1 year（P〈0.05）. BMD was higher in those having 4 to 6 times excises per week than in those having occasional or no exercise（P〈0.05）. BMD was positively correlated with body weight,height,BMI,waist circumference,hip circumference,length of forearm（r=0.545,0.361,0.332,0.416,0.451,0.312,P〈0.05）,but negative correlated with age,age at menarche（r=-0.413,-0.352,P〈0.05）,and was not related with heart rate（r=0.16,P〈0.05）. Multiple linear regression results showed that factors influencing BMD including age,age at menarche,menopause,height,weight,B

关 键 词：绝经综合征 骨密度 骨质疏松 影响因素 

分 类 号：R173[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]