复杂情境下不同角度及思维方式的决策表现差异:决策视角-心理距离的作用  

The perspective-distance effect hypothesis: Different perspectives and thinking modes lead to different decision-making performance in complex condition

作　　者：陈庆[1,2] 何泉[3] 陈广耀[4] 郭悦智 张荷婧 何先友[2] CHEN Qing HE Quan CHEN Guangyao GUO Yuezhi ZHANG Hejing HE Xianyou(Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China School of Economics ＆ Management, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China Journalism and Communication College, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学心理学院应用实验心理北京市重点实验室,北京100875 [2]华南师范大学心理学院,广州510631 [3]华南师范大学经济与管理学院,广州510631 [4]暨南大学新闻与传播学院,广州510632

出　　处：《心理学报》2017年第3期383-392,共10页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：2016年国家自然科学基金项目(项目号:31671132);2015年教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(课题号:15JJD190005)

摘　　要：本研究运用2个行为实验探讨了复杂情境下自我决策、为他人决策和预期他人决策在无意识思维方式和有意识思维方式下的决策表现差异。实验1发现复杂情境中无意识思维方式下,自我决策和为他人决策的决策表现显著优于预期他人决策,自我决策和为他人决策表现没有显著差异。实验2发现复杂情境中有意识思维时,在陌生人条件下,为他人决策表现分数显著高于自我决策与预期他人决策,自我决策和预期他人决策表现无显著差异;在朋友条件下,为他人决策和预期他人决策的决策表现显著优于自我决策,为他人决策和预期他人决策表现无显著差异。研究结果支持了本文提出的决策视角-心理距离作用假设(the Perspective-Distance Effect Hypothesis,PDEH)。The decision-making performance of self-other has been a hotspot in resent studies. However, previous studies had shown no obvious distinction between predicting others＇ decision and deciding for others, and their theories had not yet been able to perfectly explain the mechanism as well. Integrating the Construal Level Theory and the Psychological Theory, the current study proposes the Perspective-Distance Effect Hypothesis to explain the mechanism of decision-making under different perspectives （for oneself, for prediction, ＆ for others）, and provides the empirical evidence. In order to separate the influence of perspective-selecting and psychological distance in decision-making process, and prove that perspective-selecting process does exert influence on decision-making, Experiment 1 was designed to perform under unconscious thinking mode in complex condition. On the contrary, Experiment 2 was conducted under conscious thinking mode in complex condition to prove that perspective selecting （for oneself, for prediction, ＆ for others） and psychological distance simultaneously influence decision-making. Meanwhile, intimacy degree was an important factor that effected the process of perspective selecting. The current study employed the same paradigm as Dijksterhuis （2004）, and Bos et al. （2010） used in the research of unconscious thinking. In Experiment 1, three or two participants took part in the experiment as a group. In the three-people group, participants were randomly assigned to the role of H （make decision for others）, M （make decision for oneself） or P （predicting other＇s decision） respectively. In the two-people group, one of them played role M （make decision for oneself） and the other randomly played either H （make decision for others） or P （predicting other＇s decision）. Participants were required to finish the intimacy degree scale at the beginning of the experiment. After that, the instructions were presented on the screen and participants were require

关 键 词：决策表现 决策角度 决策情境 决策思维方式 决策视角-心理距离作用假设 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C91[哲学宗教—心理学]