愤怒和悲伤情绪对助人决策的影响：人际责任归因的作用  

The effect of anger and sadness on prosocial decision making: The role of the interpersonal attribution of responsibility

作　　者：杨昭宁[1,2] 顾子贝 王杜娟[2] 谭旭运[4] 王晓明[2] YANG Zhaoning GU Zibei WANG Dujuan TAN Xuyun WANG Xiaoming(School of Education and Psychology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China School of Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing Key Lab of Applied Experimental Psychology, Beijing 100875, China School of Education Science, Qufu Normal University, Qufu 273165, China Institute of Sociology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing 100732, China)

机构地区：[1]济南大学教育与心理科学学院,济南250022 [2]曲阜师范大学教育科学学院,曲阜273165 [3]北京师范大学心理学院应用实验心理北京市重点实验室,北京100875 [4]中国社会科学院社会学研究所,北京100732

出　　处：《心理学报》2017年第3期393-403,共11页Acta Psychologica Sinica

摘　　要：基于具体情绪理论——评价倾向框架理论(ATF),采用两项研究考察负性情绪愤怒和悲伤对助人决策的影响,并探究人际责任归因在这一关系中的作用。两项研究均采用自传体情绪记忆任务诱发情绪,研究一中自变量情绪为组间变量,包括愤怒、悲伤和中性三个水平,因变量助人决策操作为为他人花费时间;研究二中自变量1为组间变量情绪,包括愤怒和悲伤,自变量2为组内变量人际责任归因,操作为模糊归因、不可控的情景归因、可控的自我归因三种情境,因变量助人决策操作为为他人花费金钱。结果发现:(1)与愤怒情绪相比,悲伤情绪下个体为他人花费的时间和捐助的金钱更多;(2)在模糊的人际责任归因条件下,悲伤个体会比愤怒个体捐助更多的钱。研究表明:同为负性情绪的愤怒和悲伤在助人决策上的作用不同,悲伤个体比愤怒个体做出更多的助人决策;人际责任性归因会影响附带情绪和助人决策的关系。研究结论有助于理解附带情绪对助人决策的影响,进一步丰富并延伸ATF理论的证据和领域,对发挥情境中人际责任归因在助人决策中的作用具有一定的现实意义。Previous research suggested that emotions have an effect on prosocial decision making depending on the dimensions of emotional valence, little research has verified the role of specific emotions of the same valence. Drawing on the Appraisal-Tendency Framework （ATF）, the present set of studies aimed to explore the carryover effect of two incidentally negative emotions, i.e. anger and sadness, on prosocial decision making and the role of the interpersonal attribution of responsibility in this effect. We conducted two studies, where emotions were induced via the Autobiographical Emotional Memory Task （AEMT）. Study 1 investigated the effects of anger and sadness on prosocial decision making with a between＇-subjects design. Participants were randomly assigned to angry, sad, or neutral conditions and were asked to indicate how much time they were willing to spend helping others. Study 2 explored whether the effects of anger and sadness on prosocial decision making depend on interpersonal attribution of responsibility. This study employed a 2 （emotions： anger/ sadness） x 3 （interpersonal attribution of responsibility： ambiguity/ uncontrollable and external situation/controllable situation and recipient own） mixed design with emotions as a between-subjects variable. Participants were randomly assigned to angry or sad conditions. Similar to study 1, emotions were induced through AEMT. Interpersonal attribution of responsibility was manipulated by varying the information about the person who needs help. In the ambiguity condition, the reason that the person needs help is not clear; in the uncontrollable and external situation condition, the reason that the person needs help is due to uncontrollable external situation; in the controllable situation and recipient own condition, the person who is in need of help is responsible for such circumstance. Prosocial decision making was measured by the amount of money participants were willing to donate. Across two studies we found that： （1） Participants

关 键 词：愤怒 悲伤 助人决策 人际责任归因 附带情绪 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C91[哲学宗教—心理学]