施氮量对胡麻产量相关生理因子、品质和氮肥利用率的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Physiological Determinants of Seed Yield,Quality and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Oilseed Flax

作　　者：王斌[1] 谢亚萍[1] 牛小霞 牛俊义[3] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃省农业科学院作物研究所,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省农业工程技术研究院,甘肃武威733007 [3]甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《土壤与作物》2017年第1期32-38,共7页Soils and Crops

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-17-GW-9);国家自然科学基金(31360315);国家自然基金(31660368)

摘　　要：在北方旱地地区,研究了氮肥施用量对重要油料作物胡麻产量、品质和氮肥利用率的影响,以期为胡麻合理施肥提供依据。结果表明,与不施肥相比,施氮量在90 kg·hm^(-2)时,平均增产27.35%,单株果数、每果粒数、单株产量和蛋白质含量分别增加23.1%,7.47%,48.9%和14.0%;施用氮肥缩短了出苗-开花时间,延长了籽粒灌浆时间,提高了氮肥的表观利用率,但对千粒重和胡麻籽粒含油率影响不显著。氮肥促进了胡麻生长发育和氮的吸收,但是氮肥生理利用率随氮肥施用量的增加而显著下降。施氮量在90 kg·hm^(-2)时,能较好地协调胡麻高产与氮肥合理利用的关系。Oilseed flax is an important oil crop in northern China. Field experiments were carried out to study the effects of nitrogen ap- plication rate on yield, quality and nitrogen use efficiency with an aim to provide guideline of oilseed flax fertilization. Compared to no N application, 90 kg. hm-2 N treatment increased yield of 27.35%, increased pod per plant, seeds per pod, yield per plant and pro- tein content by 23.1%, 7. 47%, 48. 9% and 14.0%, respectively. Though 90 kg.hm -2N treatment decreased the days from emer- gence to anthesis, seed filling period and apparent recovery efficiency were increased. 1000 - seed weight and seed oil content were not affected by N fertilizer. In conclusion, the present study indicates that N fertilizer promotes the growth of oilseed flax and development, increasing nitrogen uptake rate, to improve protein content, but physiological efficiency of nitrogen decreased significantly. Based on oilseed flax yield and N use efficiency, the optimum N fertilizer application rate was 90 kg hm-2.

关 键 词：胡麻 产量 生理因子 氮肥利用效率 

分 类 号：S147.22[农业科学—肥料学]