包膜肥料氮素释放特性的影响因素研究  

Factors Affecting Nitrogen Release Characteristics to Coated Fertilizers

作　　者：王艳[1] 郑西来[1,2] 段玉环 辛佳[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学环境科学与工程学院,山东青岛266100 [2]中国海洋大学海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《土壤与作物》2017年第1期73-79,共7页Soils and Crops

基　　金：青岛市重大水利科技专项(T-20140813-017)

摘　　要：新型包膜肥料中氮素释放直接关系到肥料的利用效率和植物的生长。本文以硫包膜尿素(SCU)和树脂包膜尿素(RCF)为研究对象,采用水中溶出法,系统研究了肥水比、温度和溶液pH对不同包膜肥料氮素释放的影响。研究结果表明,两种包膜肥料的氮素释放特征曲线都可以用一元二次方程进行拟合且相关系数都达到极显著水平。氮素释放速率为RCF>SCU,氮素累积释放率分别于培养28 d和84 d后超过80%。肥水比越小,包膜肥料的氮素释放越快。温度升高可以促进包膜肥料的氮素释放,在低温范围内,包膜肥料氮素释放速率没有显著变化;当温度升高到35℃时,包膜肥料的氮素释放速率明显加快。培养结束后,RCF和SCU在35℃时的氮素累积释放率比5℃和15℃时增加约52%和25%。水溶液的pH值对RCF和SCU的氮素释放则没有显著的影响。The nitrogen release characteristics of coated fertilizers have direct influence on the efficiency of fertilizer utilization and plant growth. In our study, the nitrogen release characteristics of two coated fertilizers （ Resin - coated fertilizer, RCF ; Sulphur - coa- ted urea, SCU） under different fertilizer - water ratio, temperature and pH conditions were investigated using water dissolution test. The results showed that the cumulative nitrogen release can be fitted by quadratic equation and the correlation coefficient reached significant level. The nitrogen release rate of two coated fertilizers followed the order of RCF 〉 SCU, with the time needed for 80% cu- mulative nitrogen release as 28 d and 84 d, respectively. The nitrogen release rate of each coated fertilizer decreased with the increase of fertilizer - water ratio. The increase in temperature also promoted the release of nitrogen. The nitrogen release was significantly accel- erated when temperature was elevated up to 35℃, while no significant difference was observed by comparing those at a lower tempera- ture ranges. When the experiment was finished, the cumulative nitrogen release rate of RCF and SCU at 35℃ was approximately 52% and 25% higher than those at 5℃ and 15℃, respectively. In addition, the solution pH exerted little effects on RCF and SCU nitrogen release behaviors.

关 键 词：包膜肥料 氮素释放速率 肥水比 温度 PH 

分 类 号：S143.15[农业科学—肥料学]