板栗‘燕山早丰’雌花分化的解剖学研究  

Study on anatomy of development of female fl ower in chestnut ‘Yanshanzaofeng'

作　　者：王丽媛[1] 郭素娟[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室,北京100083

出　　处：《中南林业科技大学学报》2017年第1期43-47,共5页Journal of Central South University of Forestry & Technology

基　　金：国家林业公益性行业科研专项重大项目(201204401);"十二五"科技支撑计划课题(2013BA14B0402)

摘　　要：为明确板栗雌花分化的解剖学特点,以河北迁西板栗‘燕山早丰’为研究对象,通过制作石蜡切片显微观察雌花的内部解剖构造,结合外部形态变化,研究了板栗的花芽分化过程。结果表明:板栗雌花在河北迁西地区从4月初开始分化,6月上旬雌花大量盛开,整个分化过程需70 d左右,分化过程可分为未分化期、分化前期、花序原基分化期、苞片原基分化期、雌花簇原基分化期、雌蕊原基分化期,板栗花芽分化温度在8.8℃至25.7℃间,雌蕊原基形成到雌花盛开温度在9.7℃至23.3℃间为宜。根据有效积温、芽体大小、形状、叶片颜色等方面,建立了板栗雌花分化过程中外部形态变化与内部解剖特点之间的关系。Taking Yanshan Zaofeng‘3113＇chestnut varieties from Hebei Qianxi as the object, to research the flower bud differentiation of Chestnut by microscopic observation of internal anatomical characteristics and morphology changes of female flower bud. The results showed that： female flower bud differentiation in the area of Hebei Yanshan at the beginning of April, large number of female flowers in full bloom in early June, and the differentiation process takes about 70 days, the differentiation process can be divided into differentiation phase, inflorescence primordium differentiation phase, bract primordium differentiation stage,female flower cluster primordia differentiation stage, pistil primordium differentiation phase, the temperature of flower bud differentiation of chestnut is 8.8 degree to 25.7 ℃, the appropriate temperature from pistil primordium formation to the female flowers in full bloomis 9.7 ℃ to 23.3 ℃. In addition,the relationship between the external morphology and internal anatomy changes during the chestnut flower differentiation process were formed from bud size, shape, leaf color and other aspects.

关 键 词：板栗 花芽分化 外部形态 内部解剖 

分 类 号：S727.33[农业科学—林木遗传育种] S718.47[农业科学—林学]