论世界政治体系——兼论建构自主性中国社会科学的起点  

On System of World Politics——the Beginning of Construction of Autonomous Chinese Social Sciences

作　　者：杨光斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国际关系学院,北京市100872

出　　处：《政治学研究》2017年第1期2-14,共13页CASS Journal of Political Science

摘　　要：工业革命开启了现代性世界政治。资本主义是现代性世界政治的最核心要素。18~19世纪,西方国家在完成国内政治资本主义化的同时,开始了全球政治的资本主义化,即帝国主义、殖民主义进程。伴随这一过程,19世纪出现了为论证殖民统治合法性的赤裸裸的种族主义,即白人优越论。20世纪的自由主义民主普世价值论的实质依然是以一种文明取代其他文明。其间虽然遭遇到社会主义和民族自决权的反向运动,但由资本主义和白人优越论构成的过程性结构所演绎的结果,便是不平等性、霸权性的现状性结构,即所谓的国际制度。战后西方社会科学基本上是在以学术形式论证这种现状性结构的政治合法性。而包括中国在内的非西方国家的社会科学,则把美国式学术当成了学问。中国的崛起将形成从中国出发的世界政治体系,相应地,这种从中国出发的过程性结构也正是建构自主性中国社会科学的历史逻辑起点。Industrial Revolution opened the era of modern world politics with capitalism as its core. Western countries finished capitalization of their domestic politics during the eighteenth and nineteenth century; at the same time,they expanded capitalization worldwide and pursued imperialism and colonialism. To legitimize their rule,the West in the nineteenth century adopted the ideology of white supremacy,in fact,an undisguised racism,and in the twentieth century fabricated and preached the universal values of liberal democracy,which,though more obscure,still basically assumes western civilization is superior to other civilizations and the former should replace the latter. Despite the reaction movement of socialism and national self-determinations,capitalism and white supremacy,both of which are 'structure( s) of process',still won out. The result was international institutions of inequality and hegemony,and I call such institutions as 'structure of status quo'. Social sciences in the postwar West have developed delicate research around this structure of status quo,but they mostly illustrated such structure and rarely questioned it. In this sense,western social sciences only serve as academic tools to prove and defend the legitimacy of the unequal international institutions. Unfortunately,social sciences in non-West countries,including those in China,have recognized and even followed such misleading scholarship of the West. Moreover,China's rise will bring about a new system of world politics based on China's experience,which also urges us to rediscover and construct the structure of process based on China's experience. I argue that the structure of process based on China's experience is the beginning of construction of autonomous Chinese social sciences,and it agrees with the logic of history.

关 键 词：世界政治体系 现代性政治 过程性结构 现状性结构 自主性中国社会科学 

分 类 号：C12[社会学] D815[政治法律—国际关系]