政治过程理论视角下的突尼斯“定叛”主义运动  

Takfirist Movement in Tunisia: Perspective of Political Process Theory

作　　者：张楚楚[1] 

机构地区：[1]英国剑桥大学政治与国际研究系

出　　处：《阿拉伯世界研究》2017年第2期34-51,共18页Arab World Studies

基　　金：2016年度教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"中东伊斯兰极端主义的新发展与中国的战略应对"(16JJDGJW010)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：本文运用政治过程理论,从政治机会、组织能力、框架化过程等角度探讨突尼斯"定叛"主义运动的兴起、发展及影响。突尼斯"定叛"主义运动的发展经历了两个过程:2011年突尼斯政权更迭后,政治精英的分歧与骤然开放的政治环境为"定叛"主义的兴起提供了有利机会,致使本土原有的"定叛"主义资源得以重组,"伊斯兰教法支持者"组织等"定叛"主义组织先后建立,并通过宗教话语实现了小幅动员;2013年后,尽管突尼斯政治精英的分歧逐渐弥合,国家监管力度增强,但"伊斯兰教法支持者"组织通过与"伊斯兰国"组织、"基地"组织两大国际"定叛"组织建立联动网络,增强了组织能力,通过革命话语的框架化方式引起激进"革命"青年的共鸣,实现了运动的扩张。Through the analysis on the Tunisian case by adopting the Political Process Theory,this article tries to discuss about generalizable rules about Takfirist movements.In doing so,the paper would examine the context and process of the Tunisian Takfirist movement rising after the Jasmine Revolution by focusing on three variables:political opportunities,organizational strength,and framing process.The paper argues that the Tunisian Takfirist movement developed through two stages:(1)During the first two years after the revolution,elite divisions and sudden political openness provided favorable opportunities for Tunisian Takfirists to recover and reorganize existent resources,set up Ansar al-Sharia,and achieve small-scale mobilization through their religious-dogmatic framing efforts.(2) In the second stage,whereas political elites gradually bridged their divergences and the state enhanced national supervision over religion related activities,Ansar al-Sharia managed to expand its organizational strength by establishing linkage networks with Al-Qaeda and ISIS,leading forces of two international Takfirist movements,and arouse resonance among radical young revolutionaries by building the 'revolutionary frame',a combination of both processes enabled the movement to expand its supporting base.

关 键 词：“定叛”主义运动 突尼斯 政治过程 “伊斯兰教法支持者”组织 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]