广州市中心城区不同通勤方式PM2．5暴露水平研究  

Commuting mode specific exposure to PM2.5 in urban area of Guangzhou

作　　者：吕晓娟[1,2] 李志浩[1] 李杏[1] 曾韦霖[1] 杨攀[1] 林巧绚 郑敬严 杜晓龙[1] 古羽舟 赵永谦[1] 谢润生[1] 刘涛[1] 林华亮[1] 马文军[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]广东省疾病预防控制中心广东省公共卫生研究院环境与健康研究室,广州511430 [2]南方医科大学公共卫生与热带医学学院,广州510515

出　　处：《中华流行病学杂志》2017年第3期309-313,共5页Chinese Journal of Epidemiology

基　　金：广东省科技计划项目（2016A020223008）;广州市科技计划项目（201607010004）

摘　　要：目的了解广州市步行、骑自行车、乘公交、乘地铁4种通勤方式大气PM2.5，暴露水平。方法于2015年1—12月，采用美国TSI公司生产的SidePakAM510个体粉尘仪在每个月第2周的周一、周三、周五、周日，每天分早（07：00—09：00）、中（11：00—13：00）、晚（17：00—19：00）3个时段，进行不同通勤方式空气动力学直径≤2．5μm的颗粒物（PM2.5）暴露监测，每隔1min记录1次数据。结果步行、骑自行车、乘公交、乘地铁4种通勤方式得到的有效样本量依次为284、281、278和280个。步行、骑自行车、乘公交和乘地铁PM2.5暴露浓度M分别为38．4、38．6、23.3和24．1μg／m^3，均与同期监测点的暴露浓度呈正相关（L〉0．8，P〈0．01）。4种通勤方式PM2.5暴露浓度均以夏季最低，冬季最高。考虑暴露时间和呼吸速率，4种通勤方式单程暴露量的M由高到低依次为骑自行车21．0μg、步行20．1μg、乘公交5．1μg、乘地铁2．6μg。4种通勤方式单程暴露量季节及时段的变化趋势与暴露浓度一致。结论步行、骑自行车PM2.5的暴露浓度高于乘公交和地铁。4种通勤方式的单程暴露PM2.5量依次为骑自行车〉步行〉乘公交〉乘地铁。Objective To find the differences in PM2.5 exposure level in the context of four commuting modes （by walk, bicycle, bus and subway） in Guangzhou. Methods The PM2.5 exposure assessment was carried out from January to December 2015 in Guangzhou. PM2.5 was measured by using SidePak individual dust meter （AM510, TSI Inc. USA） with time interval of 1 minute. Our measurement was taken on Monday, Wednesday, Friday and Sunday in the second week of each month and the samples were collected in the morning （07：00-09：00）, afternoon （11：00-13：00） and evening （17：00-19：00）. Results A total of 284 air samples during walking, 281 air samples during bicycle riding, 278 air samples in bus, and 280 air samples in subway were collected. The median PM2.5 concentrations exposed during walking, during bicycle riding, in bus and in subway were 38.4, 38.6, 23.3 and 24.1 μg/m3, respectively, which were positive correlated with exposure concentration in fixed surveillance sites. The exposure level was lowest in summer, and highest in winter. The median of one-way exposure level to PM2.5 from high to low were as follows： 21.0 μg for bicycle riding, 20.1 μg for walking, 5.1 μg for taking bus and 2.6 μg for taking subway. The season and time specific one-way exposure levels to PM25 of four commuting modes were consistent. Conclusions The exposure level to PM2.5 was obviously higher during walking and bicycle riding than that in bus and subway. The exposure level to PMz5 during walking was higher than that during bicycle riding, in bus and in subway.

关 键 词：PM2.5 步行 自行车 公交 地铁 

分 类 号：R12[医药卫生—环境卫生学] X513[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]