边境地区农村留守妇女生存质量现况调查  

Life quality survey and analysis among rural left-behind women along Border Region

作　　者：张祖样 牛瑾[1] 李雪华[1] 梅静远[1] 宋丽军[1] 付丽茹[1] 陆继云[1] 贾曼红[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南省疾病预防控制中心,云南昆明650022

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2017年第6期1015-1018,1035,共5页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技重大专项(2013zx10004-906)

摘　　要：目的了解边境地区农村留守妇女生存质量现况,为提高边境地区农村留守妇女生存质量提供依据。方法采用现况研究方法进行抽样调查,抽样方法为成比例概率抽样法(PPS),用SF-36量表对云南省边境地区德宏州、临沧市的500名农村留守妇女进行问卷调查。结果边境地区农村留守妇女生存质量总评分为(62.58±14.24)分,生理健康得分(64.04±16.55)分、心理健康得分(69.89±16.53)分,各维度得分均低于中国一般人群(常模)。8个维度中社会功能分值最高。生存质量总评分较低主要影响因素为年龄30岁及以上、初中以下文化水平、留守时间2年及以上(P<0.05)。生理健康得分较低的主要影响因素为年龄30岁及以上、初中以下文化水平、现居住临沧市、留守时间2年及以上(P<0.05)。心理健康得分较低的主要影响因素为初中以下文化水平、离异/丧偶、留守时间2年及以上(P<0.05)。31.0%的被调查对象自述健康状况较上1年有所下降。结论边境地区农村留守妇女生存质量较差,社区、妇联组织应加强对该群体的心理支持和家庭关怀,用工单位应鼓励外出人员加强与留守妇女的沟通联系,并为其返乡提供必要的支持。工作中应重点关注年龄较大、文化程度较低、留守时间较长的留守妇女。Objective To understand the status of life quality among rural left-behind women （LBW） along Yunnan border region, so as to provide evidence for improving the life quality among LBWs. Methods A cross-sectional investigation was conducted at Dehong and Lincang prefectures which belong to border region in Yunnan province. Probability Proportion to Size （PPS） sampling method was chosen, and SF-36 scale was used for investigation among 500 cases. Results The total score of SF-36 was 62.58 14.24, the physical health score （PHS） was 64.04 16.55, and the mental health score （MHS） was 69.89 16.53.The dimension scores were lower than the general population in China. Social function （SF） had the highest score. The dangerous factors for lower total score of SF included age older than 30 years old, education junior high school, being left behind more than 2 years （P〈0.05）. The dangerous factors for lower PHS included age older than 30 years old, education junior high school, living at Lincang prefecture, being left behind more than 2 years （P〈0.05）. The dangerous factors for lower MHS included： under junior high school , divorced or widowed, being left behind more than 2 years. There were 31% LBWs feel health status worse than one year ago （P〈0.05）. Conclusion The life quality among LBWs at border region was poor. Community andwomen＇s federation should care more about mental health, and provide social and family support. Employers should encourage employees working outside hometown to strengthen the communication with LBW and support them back home. At the same time, we need pay more attention to the older LBWs, and who is with lower educational level, and being left behind for more timelonger.

关 键 词：留守妇女 生存质量 横断面研究 

分 类 号：R173[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]