目的因与形式因的张力:新形势下资本主义、社会主义与市场经济关系辨证  

The Tension between Aim and Means： On Relation among Capitalism, Socialism and Market in the New Situation

作　　者：夏国军[1] Xia Guojun

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学人文学院

出　　处：《海派经济学》2016年第4期123-137,共15页Journal of Economics of Shanghai School

摘　　要：＂社会主义＂、＂资本主义＂和＂市场经济＂这三个重要的经济哲学范畴间的关系不易讲清,其中一个主要障碍性因素是社会主义建设尚未得到充分发展。亚里士多德的＂四因说＂对于探讨三个范畴的关系可资借鉴,据之社会主义和资本主义系不同的目的因,市场经济是形式因;作为形式因的市场经济分别为作为目的因的社会主义和资本主义服务。从根本上讲,资本主义以资本家的资本利润无限最大化为旨归,社会主义应当以广大人民群众的普遍幸福为目标,两种目的因在实质上的差异决定了为之服务的形式因市场经济在运作机制、利益主体、服务对象等方面也应有所不同。因此,还是会有社会主义市场经济模式与资本主义市场经济模式的区分。从现实表象上看,由于社会主义与资本主义作为社会形态都需要发展市场经济,况且资本主义与社会主义两种目的因之间存在着激烈的碰撞。这在一定程度上为解答市场经济形式因如何为社会主义目的因服务,即如何为市场在社会主义经济建设中角色定位的问题带来了诸多不确定性因素,或者说,干扰因素。＂Capitalism＂,＂socialism＂and ＂market economy＂are important categories in economic philosophy, among which the relations are difficult to articulate, to which a main obstacle is that socialist construction has not been fully-developed. Aristotle＇s theory about ＂four causes＂ is helpful to inquiry into the relation among three categories above-mentioned, according to which socialism and capitalism are different final causes, market is formal cause; market economy as formal cause respectively serves socialism and capitalism as final cause. Fundamentally speaking, capitalism treats it as its aim to maximize infinitely the profit of capitalist, socialism should looks on it as its target to get great majority of the people universally happy, there- fore difference in nature of two causes leads to different market economy as formal cause, because operational institution, interest subjects, service ob- jects, etc, belonging to socialist market economy, are different from ones belonging to capitalism market economy. From actual appearances, because it is necessary to develop market economy whether to capitalism or to socialism, moreover there is violent impact between capitalist final cause and socialist one, a lot of disturbing factors come into being, which make it difficult to some extent to answer the question that how market as formal cause serves socialist final cause, namely, how market economy plays a part in socialist economic construction.

关 键 词：资本主义 社会主义 市场经济 资本 目的因 形式因 动力因 质料因 

分 类 号：F014.3[经济管理—政治经济学]