社会保障城乡统筹发展、地方政策革新与农民社会公民权演进——以基本养老保险制度变迁为例  

Urban-Rural Harmonization in Social Security,Local Policy Innovations and Development of Social Citizenship of Rural Residents:A Case Study on Institutional Change in Old-Age Pensions

作　　者：黄婷[1] HUANG Ting

机构地区：[1]德国杜伊斯堡-埃森大学社会科学院东亚研究所,杜伊斯堡47057

出　　处：《社会保障研究》2017年第1期3-13,共11页Social Security Studies

基　　金：德国研究基金会(DFG GK1613)的资助

摘　　要：中国自2002年以来推行了一系列旨在统筹城乡发展的社会保障制度革新。本文以地方基本养老保险制度变迁为例,探讨这些制度革新如何影响农民社会公民权的发展以及中央和地方在此过程中的不同角色。研究发现,农村居民的社会权利发展基于其不同的身份(职业)类型和所处地区而呈现时序、内容上的明显差别。近年来,地方政府受本地利益驱动积极打破社会保障供给的身份、职业区隔,但这些政策革新主要惠及本地农村居民。由于地方政府倾向于将权利和资源的分配限定在本辖区内,外地农村居民的社会权利受到限制,农民享受的权益存在地区间不公平。中央政府在弱化社会保障的地域边界上发挥了一定的作用,但仍需强化财政责任和统筹协调职能,促进在全国范围内形成更包容、公平的社会保障体系。China has reformed its social security system since 2002 in order to promote urban-rural harmonization. Based on a case study on the local institutional change in old-age pensions,this article addresses two aspects in the reform：（1） the impact of the reform on the development of social citizenship of rural residents,and（2） the different roles played by central and local governments in the extension of social security. It is found that the social security reform has led to differentiated expansion of social rights for rural residents in that access to welfare and specific provisions are differential between various social（ occupational） categories and regions. In recent years,partly driven by their own interests,local governments have proactively reduced the segmentation and differences in provision across population groups. Nonetheless,the local policy reform and innovation mainly benefit rural residents with local hukou. Local governments tend to confine the distribution of rights and resources within their respective jurisdictions,which constrains social rights of those rural residents without local hukou. Due to its large dependence on financial capacities of local governments,the distribution of entitlement benefits for peasants is uneven among regions. Recent policy moves at the central level have weakened the external boundaries of regional social security schemes,thereby facilitating the cross-region transferability of entitlements. However,to establish a more inclusive and equitable social security system,the central government should enhance its fiscal responsibility to ensure basic protection for the people and make vigorous efforts to redress the striking regional imbalance in welfare provision.

关 键 词：社会保障 城乡统筹 农民 社会公民权 制度变迁 

分 类 号：F842.67[经济管理—保险]