“反全球化”能改善发达经济体低技能劳动者福利吗?——基于全球化背景下劳动收入份额演进趋势与机理的分析  

Can “Anti-globalization” Improve the Welfare of Under-skilled Workers in Developed Economies?——An Analysis of the Evolution Trend and Mechanism of Labor Income Share against the Background of Globalization

作　　者：张晓磊[1] 张二震[1] ZHANG Xiao-lei ZHANG Er-zhen(School of Economics, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学经济学院,南京210093

出　　处：《江苏行政学院学报》2017年第2期50-56,共7页The Journal of Jiangsu Administration Institute

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目"长江三角洲全面建设小康社会中的开放发展研究"(16JJD790025);南京大学研究生科研创新基金项目"中国企业层面劳动收入份额的决定因素及贸易影响:微观机理与实证检验"(2015cw02)的阶段性成果;中国特色社会主义经济建设协同创新中心资助

摘　　要：近年来世界经济的持续低迷,使得主要发达经济体的对外经济政策出现了"反全球化"倾向,并得到了基本不掌握资本要素、收入主要来自劳动所得、在经济危机中福利不断恶化的低技能劳动者的支持。通过分析总结20多年来世界主要发达经济体劳动收入份额演进的趋势和内在机理,发现发达经济体内部的技术进步严重偏向资本和高技能劳动者,这才是引起低技能劳动者福利恶化更直接的"内部原因"。全球化虽然也会导致部分低技能劳动者的工作机会转移到新兴经济体,但这只不过是间接而非根本性的影响。对发达经济体低技能劳动者来说,"反全球化"在短期内可能会给其带来一定的就业机会增加,但也会导致其生活成本的迅速上升;长期来看,"反全球化"不仅无益于改善其福利,反而会刺激发达经济体的技术进步更加偏向资本和高技能劳动者,加速低技能劳动者的福利恶化进程。In recent years, the world economy suffered prolonged recession, which has led to the emergence of ＂anti- globalizafion＂ tendencies in the foreign economic policies of major developed economies. These tendencies are supported by under-skilled workers who basically do not possess capital resources, mainly rely on labor income, and sustain deteriorating welfare situations in the economic crisis. By analyzing and summarizing the trend and internal mechanism of the evolution of labor income share in the world＇s major developed economies over the past 20 years, it can be found that the technological progress within the developed economies is highly biased towards capital and highly skilled workers. This is the more direct ＂internal cause＂ for the deterioration of the welfare of the under-skilled workers. Although globalization can also lead to the transfer of some job opportunities originally for the under-skilled workers to emerging economies, it is only an indirect cause, rather than a fundamental one. As of the under-skilled workers in developed economies, although ＂anti-globaliza- tion＂ may bring more employment opportunities in the short term, it will lead to the rapid rise in their cost of living. In the long run, ＂anti-globalization＂ cannot be conducive to improving their welfare, and will stimulate the more biased shift in technological progress towards capital and highly skilled workers in advanced economies, which will further accelerate the process of welfare deterioration for under-skilled workers.

关 键 词：有偏技术进步 要素收入分配 低技能劳动者 反全球化 

分 类 号：F741.2[经济管理—国际贸易]