开沟覆膜滴灌条件下土壤水、温变化规律研究  

Research on Water and Temperature Change Law under Ditching and Mulched Drip Irrigation

作　　者：叶建威[1] 刘洪光[1] 何新林[1] 龚萍[1] 阿尔娜古丽.艾买提 陆华天 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学水利建筑工程学院现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2017年第3期1-4,7,共5页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金新疆联合基金重点项目(U1203280);国家自然科学基金项目(U1403183);国家科技支撑计划课题(2015BAD20B03)

摘　　要：新疆是中国葡萄重要的生产基地,但每年因盐碱与缺水导致减产现象严重。开沟覆膜滴灌技术结合膜下滴灌与开沟技术优点,理论上可有效改善作物生长的水土环境。为研究桁架葡萄下开沟覆膜滴灌技术对土壤水分与温度变化的影响,在石河子147团6连试验地用EM50仪器开展土壤水分、温度监测试验。研究结果表明:①在开沟模式为20 cm×100 cm,灌水定额为300 m3/hm^2时,无论是膜中还是膜边,灌水前后土壤含水量维持在0.22~0.38,满足作物根系吸水。加大灌水定额,在覆膜影响下,滴灌带表面积水区面积增大,使得在滴头下方形成饱和区增大;随着开沟深度的增大,覆膜中土壤含水量变化不明显,覆膜边呈下降趋势。②温度监测表明,无论是温度上升期(12时),还是夜间下降期(24时),土体温度变化幅度均在15~31℃,给葡萄生长提供良好的温度环境,利于葡萄产量与品质的提高。Xinjiang is an important grape production base in China.But salinization and water shortage cause serious reduction in production every year.Ditching and mulched drip irrigation technologyl combines the advantages of drip irrigation under mulch and ditching technology,can effectively improved the soil and water environment of crop growth in theory.In order to study the effect of ditching and mulched drip irrigation technology for grape on soil water and temperature changes,the EM50 is used to monitor the soil moisture and temperature in the experiment in the experimental farmland of 6th company,147 th regiment in Shihezi.The results show that：① under the condition of the ditching mode of 20 cm × 100 cm and the irrigation quota of 300 m3/h-2,either in the film or film side,the soil moisture maintains at 0.22-0.38 before or after irrigation,which can meet the crop root water absorption; when increasing irrigation quota,the water-logged zone area on the surface of drip belt increases due to the film mulching,so the saturated zone is formed under the drip emitter and the infiltration rate is accelerated; with the increase of trenching depth,the soil moisture does not change obviously in the plastic film mulching,while it shows a downward trend in the film side.②The results of temperature monitoring shows that whether in the temperature rise period（12 PM） or in the drops period（24 PM）,the soil temperature change range is 15 - 31 ℃,which can provide a good temperature environment for grape growth and is beneficial for improving the yield and quality of grape.

关 键 词：滴灌 开沟覆膜 桁架葡萄 温度 土壤含水量 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]