土壤温度对设施红地球葡萄枝条萌芽影响及需热量估算方法评价  

Effects of Soil Temperature on Shoots Sprouting of Facilities Red Globe Grape and Evaluation Method of Calorific Requirement

作　　者：董艳[1] 尹翠[1] 孙利鑫[1] 罗国安[1] 张亚红[1] DONG Yan YIN Cui SUN Li-xing LUO Guo-an ZHANG Ya-hong(School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Ningxia Yinchuan 750021, China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2017年第3期669-674,共6页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31360493)

摘　　要：研究日光温室和塑料大棚2种设施内环境温度对红地球葡萄枝条萌芽前期和需热量的影响,进而挑选出适宜设施内应用的需热量模型。以红地球葡萄为试验材料,利用自动气象站采集土壤温度和空气温度,在需冷量满足后进行根区土壤加温处理,设置(25±1)℃/(15±1)℃(昼/夜)(以下简称T25)和(20±1)℃/(15±1)℃(昼/夜)(以下简称T20)和常温处理(日光温室土壤平均温度15℃,塑料大棚土壤平均温度7℃,以下简称CK)3个温度梯度,采用6种需热量模型对红地球葡萄需热量值进行估算。(1)在葡萄枝条萌芽前期2种设施内均存在土壤温度与空气温度不协调现象,尤其在塑料大棚中表现更为明显。(2)2种设施内T25处理萌芽前期最短且需热量值最小;T20处理次之;对照萌芽前期最长,需热量值最大。(3)在同一设施内,地温不同需热量值不同,采用6种模型需热量值变化都随地温升高而减少;在不同设施内需热量值不同,相同地温下塑料大棚内需热量值均大于日光温室。(4)通过比较6种需热量模型的变异系数,有效积温模型和生长度小时模型的变异系数最小,比较稳定;2种设施内对照的6种需热量值无量纲化后综合比较,有效积温模型和生长度小时模型在2种设施内均没有差异。红地球葡萄枝条萌芽前期土壤(25±1)℃较(20±1)℃适宜,在试验设计的温度范围内,土壤温度越高,红地球葡萄需热量值越小;以有效积温模型和生长度小时模型估算设施葡萄需热量较适宜。The effects of environment temperature on shoots sprouting stage and calorific requirement of Red Globe Grape were studied, and then the heat demand model of suitable facilities was selected. The red earth grape was used as the experimental material, and the soil tem- perature and the air temperature were collected by the automatic weather station. After the required cooling capacity was met, set up （ 25 ± 1 ） ℃ / （ 15 ± 1 ） ℃ （ day / night ） （ hereinafter referred to T25 ） and （20 ± 1 ）℃ / （ 15± 1 ） ℃ （ day / night） （ hereinafter referred to T20） and CK （ solar greenhouse temperature was 15℃, plastic greenhouses temperature was 7 ℃ ,hereinafter referred to CK）. Six models were used to statistic calorific requirement value of Red Globe Grape. （i） In the early stage of the buds of grape buds, the soil temperature and air temperature were not compatible with each other, especially in the plastic greenhouse. （ii） T25 had the shortest pre-emergence and minimum caloric value in T25 treatment, while T20 was the second one, and the control was the longest before germination. （iii） In the same facility, the difference of heat value between the different geothermal temperature and ground temperature was different, and the heat value of the six kinds of models need to decrease with the increase of ground temperature, and the heat value of plastic greenhouse was larger than that of solar greenhouse. （iv）The coefficient of variation, the effective accumulated temperature model and the growth hour model of the six kinds of calorie models were the least and the stability coefficients were relatively stable. The six kinds of caloric values in the two facili- ties were compared after dimensionless, there were no differences between Effective Accumulated Temperature Model and Grow Degree Hour Model. T25 was better than T20 in the early bud stage of red globe grape buds. The higher the soil temperature was, the smaller caloric value needed was. Effective Accumulat

关 键 词：红地球葡萄萌芽前期 土壤温度 需热量 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]