无资料流域临界雨量的推导  

Derivation of critical rainfall index in ungauged basin

作　　者：陈建[1] 刘玉邦[2] 李春红[1] 唐海华[1] 王建平[1] 

机构地区：[1]南瑞集团公司(国网电力科学研究院),南京211000 [2]成都理工大学科技处,成都610059

出　　处：《成都理工大学学报（自然科学版）》2017年第2期239-246,共8页Journal of Chengdu University of Technology: Science & Technology Edition

摘　　要：无资料流域的水文预报一直是现代水文研究的一个热点和难点。本文采用大断面测量资料和圣维南方程组相结合的方式推导恒定流的水位流量关系曲线,在实地调查测量获取河道特征水位的情况下,利用水位流量关系曲线反推特征流量指标。结合GIS技术和计算机技术,应用瞬时地貌单位线理论,根据数字高程模型和坡面流速水力学公式,在推导出雨滴流路长度分布和雨滴汇流速度分布的基础上,进一步推算出流域瞬时地貌单位线和时段地貌单位线;提出了洪峰流量达标频次阈值指标,在降雨一定的前提下,随机分配雨量过程,采用时段地貌单位线进行汇流模拟,当模拟洪峰流量大于特征流量的频次处于阈值范围内,则认为此降雨值为特征流量相对应的特征雨量值。经过吉林中小河流21个控制断面的推广应用,证明这种方法是可行的。Hydrological prediction in ungauged basin is a topical issue and difficult problem for modern hydrological research. Data of large cross section measurement,combined with Saint-Venant equations,are used to derive stage discharge curve under steady uniform flow.Characteristic flow index is attained by characteristic stage index through on the spot investigation and measurement,and by stage discharge curve calculated by corresponding stage value.Instantaneous geomorphologic unit hydrograph and period geomorphologic unit hydrograph are derived on the basis of distribution of raindrop flow path length and distribution of raindrop concentration velocity,which is deduced by both Digital Elevation Model and overland flow hydraulics formulas with GIS technology and computer technology.Therefore,the peak flow standard frequency threshold is proposed. Under the precondition of a certain rainfall,period geomorphologic unit hydrograph is used to simulate flow processes of basin with random distributed rain processes.Over 1 000 times,when the simulated peak flow is greater than characteristic flow and its frequency is in the range of the threshold,it is thought that the current simulated rainfall is the corresponding characteristic rainfall with characteristic flow.This method is proved to be feasible through the application to 21 control section in the medium-sizedand small-sized basins of Jilin Province.

关 键 词：流域汇流时长 临界雨量 无资料流域 水位流量关系曲线 地貌单位线 

分 类 号：P641.1[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]