基于人口当量法的非渗透地表径流污染负荷评估与对策  

Evaluation and countermeasures of impervious surface runoff pollution load based on population equivalent

作　　者：卢兴超 赵树旗[1,2] 周玉文[1,2] 张静[1,2,3] 吴献平 娄富豪[1,2] 刘原[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学建筑工程学院,北京100124 [2]北京市水质科学与水环境恢复工程重点实验室,北京100124 [3]河北科技大学环境科学与工程学院,河北石家庄050018

出　　处：《河北工业科技》2017年第2期135-141,共7页Hebei Journal of Industrial Science and Technology

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2013ZX07304-001-2;2013ZX07304-001-3)

摘　　要：为了反映城市非渗透地表的污染程度,采用人口当量法评估非渗透地表径流污染负荷量的大小,进一步评价城市的面源污染负荷。对北京市"城六区"的地形结构及其2010年的降雨数据进行分析,结合SCS模型和地表径流水质监测数据得出研究区域中各污染物指标的负荷量,再根据居民生活污水排放指标估算出每种污染物的人口当量。结果表明,1km^2的非渗透地表产生的COD的负荷量相当于北京市112.8万人1天生活污水中的COD排放量,NH_4^+-N的负荷量相当于89.04万人1天的排放量,TN的负荷量相当于15.96万人1天的排放量,TP的负荷量相当于15.42万人1天的排放量;2010年"城六区"全年产生的非渗透径流污染负荷量相当于北京市当年常驻人口(1 962万人)48.2天的生活污水的COD排放量、38天的NH_4^+-N排放量、6.8天的TN排放量和6.6天的TP排放量。人口当量法可直观反映城市点源污染与非点源污染的负荷大小,对于解决城市的水环境问题具有重要作用,并为降低城市人口当量污染负荷提供数据参考。In order to reflect the degree of pollution in urban impervious surface,the population equivalent method is used to assess the pollution load of the impervious rainfall runoff,furtherly evaluating the urban non-point source pollution load.Firstly based on the analysis of rainfall data and the topographic features of ＂Six Districts of City＂in Beijing City in 2010,then combining the SCS model with the runoff monitoring data to concentrate the study areas＇ load of each pollutant indicator;finally,according to the urban sewage emissions targets,the population equivalent load of each pollutant is estimated.The result shows that COD load in generatd one square kilometer/year of impervious surface is equivalent to that of one day＇s sewage discharge of112.8millions population in Beijing City,the NH4^＋-N load is equivalent to 89.04 millions population,the TN load is equivalent to 15.96 millions population,and the TP load is equivalent to 15.42 millions population.In 2010,the pollution load of impervious surface runoff generated in the ＂Six Districts of City＂is equivalent to 48.2days of sewage COD emissions,38 days of sewage NH4^＋-N emissions,6.8days of sewage TN emissions and 6.6days of sewage TP emissions of the resident population of Beijing City（19.62millions）.The population equivalent method can intuitively reflect the load amount of urban point source pollution and non-point source pollution,Which has an important role in solving the problem of urban water environment,and provides data reference for reducing the urban population equivalent pollution load.

关 键 词：水污染防治工程 人口当量 生活污水 北京市 SCS模型 非渗透地表污染 

分 类 号：X832[环境科学与工程—环境工程]